Transcript Earth`s Atmosphere And Weather

Earth’s Atmosphere And Weather
– Climate- ___________________
____________________________
_____________________
• What is weather?
– ____________________________
____________________________
____________________________
• The __________________is the layer of
gasses that surrounds the Earth.
• The _______________is the main cause
of changes in the atmosphere.
Earth’s Atmosphere
Composition of Earth's Atmosphere
______
_________
Argon
Carbon dioxide, Methane, Other gases
78.1%
20.9%
0.9%
0.1%
• The atmosphere is an even mix for about
the first ________to _________miles.
• Have no definite
__________or _____________.
• Move about freely
• Change in response to
___________________
• Change In response to
_____________________
• Gasses have weight
• Gasses respond to gravity.
Properties Of
Gasses
• Heavier, well mixed
gasses stay near
the
______________.
• Lighter gas
molecules float to
the
_______________
atmosphere.
Properties Of Gasses
• Gas can be
________________
into smaller spaces.
• When this happens,
________________
builds up.
Air Pressure
• Why doesn’t all that
pressure squash you?
– There is air
_____________your body and
it balances out the pressure on
the outside?
Air Pressure
• Why do your ears pop when you go up a
mountain?
– As the number of molecules of air around you
____________________, the air pressure
_______________.
– This causes your ears to pop in order to
____________________the pressure between the outside
and inside of your ear.
• So… The higher up you go, the less molecules
of air there are. Therefore
_________________in altitude equals a
______________________of pressure
Other Affects On Pressure
• We already said altitude affects
pressure
– ________________altitude =
less pressure.
• Amount of ________________
affects pressure.
– Greater ________________ =
Greater pressure
• Amount of ________________
affects pressure
– Higher ________________ =
Lower pressure
Earth’s Atmosphere
• The atmosphere has 5 distinct layers.
Each layer has similar characteristics.
Layers Of Atmosphere
• Each layer behaves differently to air
__________________________________
__________________________
from the sun.
• Outer layers protect Earth from
_______________________and
____________________________
• Inner layers are the layers that directly
affect the Earth’s __________________
The __________________
• The lowest layer of the atmosphere in which
the world’s weather takes place.
• Temperature and water vapor content in the
troposphere decrease rapidly with altitude.
– _______________________plays a major
role in regulating air temperature
because it _______________________
solar energy and thermal radiation from
the planet's surface.
• All _______________________ occur within
the troposphere, although turbulence may
extend into the lower portion of the
stratosphere.
Stratosphere
• The _______________________ starts
just above the troposphere and
extends to 50 kilometers (31 miles)
high.
• Compared to the troposphere, this
part of the atmosphere is
_______________________
• The _______________________ layer,
which absorbs and scatters the solar
_______________________, is in this
layer.
• Ninety-nine percent of "air" is
located in the _____________and
_______________________.
Mesosphere
• The _________________ starts
just above the stratosphere and
extends to 85 kilometers (53
miles) high.
• In this region, the temperatures
again fall as low as -93 degrees
Celsius as you increase in
altitude.
• The chemicals are in an excited
state, as they _______________
energy from the Sun.
Thermosphere
• The __________________
starts just above the
mesosphere and extends to
600 kilometers (372 miles)
high.
• The temperatures go up as
you increase in altitude due
to the _________ energy.
• Temperatures in this region
can go as high as 1,727
degrees Celsius.
Exosphere
• The ______________
starts at the top of the
thermosphere and
continues until it merges
with _________________.
• In this region of the
atmosphere,
___________and
______________are the
prime components.
_______________
• Atmosphere changes in response to
temperature.
• Gases expand and rise when ________,
and contract and fall when cooled.
• This is called convection.
Major Wind
Patterns
• Caused by
___________
currents
– __________air
from the equator
rises and moves
to the poles,
pulling cooler air
from the poles
towards the
equator.
Major Wind
Patterns
• Major winds are deflected
east or west due to
_______________force.
• Coriolis force is caused by
the _______________ of the
earth.
• Coriolis force
_______________ the closer
you get to the equator.
• Almost nonexistent near
the _______________.
Coriolis Force
Local _________Patterns
• Caused by different
parts of the surface
of the earth’s surface
________________heat at
different levels.
• These wind patterns
are called
________________________
_____________
• Caused by a
______________gradient
from areas of high
pressure to areas of
low pressure.
Local Wind Patterns
Notice how the pressure is sloping from
________________to ________________.
Local Wind Patterns
Wind blows along the surface from
______________pressure to _____________pressure.
Sea And Land Breezes
• ____________and _________breezes
are a type of thermal circulation.
• During the day, the ____________
heats up much faster than the water.
• The heated air begins to
____________ and ____________,
creating a thermal low.
• Air over the ocean becomes a cool
____________ ____________ system.
• Air begins to flow as soon as there is
enough difference in temperature
and pressure.
_____________Development of Sea breezes
Sea And Land
Breezes
• At _____________
time, the land begins
to cool.
• The land cools faster
than the ocean.
• After a while, the
wind will shift
direction and begin
_____________ to sea.
_______time development of sea breezes.
Clouds
• Clouds can be
classified in three
categories.
– ________________
– ________________
– ________________
High-level Clouds
• ______________Clouds
– The most common high-level clouds
– ______________ and ______________ clouds
– Found at heights greater than 20,000 feet.
– Composed of ______________ that originate
from super cooled water droplets.
– Generally occur in ______________ and
point in the direction of air movement at
their elevation.
High-Level Clouds
• ______________ Clouds
– Sheet-like high-level clouds
composed mainly of ice crystals
– Can cover the ______________
sky and be several thousand feet
thick, but usually transparent.
– Sometimes cause a
______________ around the sun
or moon.
High-Level Clouds
• ______________
– Appear as ______________.
– Form in patchy groups with
space in between.
– Composed almost entirely of
ice crystals.
– Found between 16,500 to
45,000 feet.
Mid-Level Clouds
• ______________
– Appear as ______________ or ______________.
– Presence on a warm summer day is commonly followed by
______________ later in the day.
– Usually has a shaded portion causing
______________ color on the bottoms of the clouds.
– Arise from unstable middle level air masses.
– Occur between 6,500 to 23,000 feet.
– Mainly composed of ______________.
Mid-Level Clouds
• ______________ Clouds
– Typically display a
uniform ____________
appearance.
– Found around 6,500
to 23,000 feet.
– Usually cover the
entire sky.
– Usually forms ahead
of ______________.
– Occasionally rain will
fall from altostratus
clouds.
Low-Level Clouds
• ______________
– ______________ appearance that resembles
cotton balls or popcorn.
– Flat bases with lumpy tops.
– Occur from near the surface of Earth to
about 6,500 feet.
– Form from ______________, rising air when
the surface of the Earth is heated from the
sun.
– If precipitation occurs, it is usually of a
______________ nature.
Low-Level Clouds
• ______________
– Fairly uniform light to dark gray.
– Typically blankets large areas of
the sky.
– Found from near surface to 6,500
feet.
– A stratus cloud with its base
extending to the ground is called
______________
– Usually no precipitation
associated with stratus clouds.
Low-Level Clouds
• ______________
– Irregular masses of cumulus
clouds merged together
with little or no spacing.
– Near ground to 6,500 feet
– Light ______________.
– When warm, moist air is
mixed with drier, cooler air
and the mixture is moving
beneath warmer, lighter air
above, clouds will often
form as rolls or waves.
– Not usually a bad weather
cloud, but can indicate bad
weather is on the way.
Low-Level Clouds
• ______________
– Resembles a cumulus cloud, but
towers way above.
– Base of cloud from 1,000 to 5,000
feet high
– Very ______________,
______________ weather results
from this cloud.
– Large cumulonimbus clouds can
develop into ______________,
which are very ______________ .
Low-Level Clouds
• ______________
– On a hot summer day with a clear sky and
no wind, a large mass of humid air may sit
almost motionless over a wide area. People
will feel ______________ because they
cannot cool themselves - their perspiration
evaporates slowly into the almost saturated
air. Air begins to rise as it is heated by
contact with the warm ground. The air
forms separate ______________ cells, with
warm air rising through the centers of the
cells and cooler air sinking at their sides. The
cloud that forms is called cumulonimbus.
• ______________
– Dark, low-level
clouds
associated with
light to
moderate
____________.
– Composed
primarily of
______________
droplets.
– Base found
generally below
6,500 feet.
Low-Level Clouds
Weather
Prediction
• Weather predictions are
made by
____________________.
• Meteorologist study
___________________
patterns.
• Meteorologist make
weather predictions called
___________________.
•
•
•
•
Barometric Pressure
The Air’s pressure is caused
by the weight of the
___________________down
on the Earth.
The Earth’s
___________________is the
cause of the downward force.
Air pressure is measured by a
___________________, hence
the term barometric pressure.
It is measured in
_________________.
Weather Maps
• Fronts
– A ___________is the boundary
between two air masses
– ___________fronts indicate a
change in weather.
– On a weather map, fair weather
is generally associated with
______________while stormy
weather is associated with
___________
– Highs and Lows are usually
thousands of miles across and
move from
___________________in the US.
– Bring Changing weather as they
move across.
Weather Maps
• Cold Fronts
– A __________front is where a
mass of cold air is moving
into a mass of warm air.
– On a weather map, cold
fronts are indicated by a
____________line with
____________teeth pointed in
the direction of movement.
– Cause more
__________storms which are
relatively short in duration.
Weather Maps
• Warm Fronts
– A ___________________air mass is
pushing into a cold air mass
– Shown with a ___________________line
with ___________________teeth pointed
in the direction of movement.
– Causes gentle ___________________that
is longer in duration.