Transcript revolution - West Essex High School

Miss Wall’s Midterm Review
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What is the turning on an axis called?
Rotation
What is the TIME it takes to revolve around another object?
Revolution
What is a dwarf planet?
an object with insufficient mass and gravity and is within a “neighborhood” of
other objects
Which moon, besides ours, has synchronous rotation and revolution?
Triton
Venus is Earth’s twin except for what main characteristic? atmosphere
Why does Jupiter have so many moons?
Its massive gravity
Why is Io interesting? Is covered in active volcanoes which may be able to create water
Why isn’t the distance from the Sun a reason for seasons on Earth?
The distance between the aphehelion and perihelion is too small to matter
1. How is Uranus’s revolution different from that of the other planets?
Backwards to other planets- RETROGRADE REVOLUTION
1. Which moon has the synchronous rotation and revolution, similar to our Moon?
Triton, Neptune’s largest moon
2. What is the difference between mass and weight?
Mass is the amount of matter (does not change), weight is force of gravity (changes
when on different planets/moons)
3. Why are Uranus’s season 21 years long?
Its 98° tilt
4. How many dwarf planets are classified in our solar system?
FIVE- Ceres, Pluto, Eris, Makemake, Haumea
5. Are Saturn's rings made of?
Ice rock and dust
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Why does Neptune sometimes become further away than Pluto?
Pluto’s orbit has high eccentricity and is tilted, allow Neptune to pass further
Which planet’s day (ROTATION) is longer than its year(REVOLUTION)? Venus
Which planet has two moons, even though it is really small? Mars; close to asteroid belt
Why is the moon Titan interesting when looking for life?
Nitrogen-rich atmosphere
9. Why won’t Venus ever have seasons, even if it cooled?
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Its tilt 2.6° is to small to create seasons
10. Why don’t eclipses occur every month? Because the moon’s orbit is tilted
11. How is it possible for Venus and Uranus to have the same gravitational pull?
Because Uranus is a gas giant yet Venus is solid rock , so their mass and overall mass that drives
the gravitational forces is the same
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Which lunar feature is older, maria or highlands? How do you know?
Highlands- the are uplifted regions created from the initial impact, therefore
older than maria
What are the ages of the rocks on the moon and why are these ages important?
3.6-4.5 billion years old, same age as the rocks on Earth
What is the difference between rays and rilles?
Rays are lines of scattered debris around craters and rilles are lava tubes that
look like river valleys
What is albedo? The amount of light reflected by an object
What happened in 1969?
Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin were first to walk on the moon
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29.5 days
How long does the lunar cycle last?
The phase of the moon that you see depends on :
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how much of the sunlit moon is facing Earth
Describe the differences between lunar and solar eclipses.
Solar Eclipse- alignment= Sun, Moon Earth
Moon’s shadow is on the Earth
Phase-new moon
When looking at it, you see the Sun’s corona
Lunar- alignment= Sun, Earth, moon
Earth’s shadow on the moon
phase- full moon
When looking at it, the moon appears reddish-brown
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What are the THREE theories as to the end of the universe?
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Big Crunch- dark energy wears off, gravity pulls back for another Big Bang
Flat- dark energy wears off, stop expanding and eventually all stars burn out
Open- universe expands forever, eventually all stars burn out
What is the current motion of the universe and what Law proves this theory?
Expanding rapidly- Hubble’s Law- further away an object is, the faster it is moving outward
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What do we call LARGE groupings of galaxies?
superclusters
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How FAR is a light-year, billions or trillions of miles?
trillions! (actually a little of 6 trillion miles!)
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Why are elliptical galaxies the most common type in the universe?
Galaxies that are close enough (like the Milky Way and our neighbor Andromeda) gravity
pulls them together and they collide to make an Elliptical Galaxy
1 Billion year in a minute and a half! Colliding Galaxies!
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What is the relationship between gravity and distance?
Negative- as distance increases, gravitational pull decreases
1. What is Convection. Provide an example.
The circulation of heat in a fluid (liquid or gas). Examples: pot of boiling water, hot tub,
plate tectonics
2. What is conduction? Provide and Example.
The transfer of heat from one object to another. Examples: Burning your hand,
appliance in an outlet
3. What is radiation? Provide an Example.
Radiation directly given off by an object. Examples: sun, light, stove,
4. What is air pressure?
The weight of the air pressing down on an object
5. Why does air pressure exist? How is air pressure created?
Air pressure exist because of the force of gravity pulling the atmosphere downward.
Air pressure is created by the force of the air that surrounds us being applied to us.
6. How do changes in air pressure impact you? Provide TWO examples.
As the weight changes form “school bus” to “small car’ the change in weight causes
muscles, cartilage in joints and sinus to expand and shrink.
1. Which air mass is warm and wet? Maritime tropical
2. Which air mass forms in the summer only? Continental tropical
3. Which air mass will form the least amount of clouds? WHY?
Arctic- extremely dry and cold
4. What is the envelope of gases that surround the earth? Atmosphere
5. What is an instrument that measures air pressure? barometer
6. What is a large volume of air that has the characteristics of where it forms?
Air mass
7. What is the amount of moisture in the air?
humidity
1. What kind of weather can be expected with LOW air pressure?
Cloudy and possibly precipitation, temperatures should be slightly warmer
2. If you have a sinus headache from sinus pressure, how is the air pressure going to
change in the next day or two?
Pressure should be dropping causing your sinuses to swell and expand
3. What conditions would be best for freezing rain?
Freezing rain needs warm air above where the precipitation falls but very cold surfaces
to cause the rain to freeze on contact.
4. What kind of weather can you expect if you notice high cirrus clouds?
A storm is coming soon.
5. Describe an Arctic air mass and where does it come from?
Extremely cold and dry, Northern Canada
6. How is temperature related to air pressure?
Warmer= lower air pressure, cooler= higher air pressure
1. What is wind?
The movement of air from High to low pressure
2. Provide four reasons how our atmosphere helps allow life on earth?
1. Provides Oxygen and water (tropo)2. Provide OZONE for
protection from UV (stratosphere)
3. Protects from solar wind (Thermo) 4. Protection from meteors
(mesosphere)
3. How does air pressure change as you go higher in the Earth’s
atmosphere?
It DECREASES because the air molecules are more spread out,
therefore, less dense and less air pressure
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List the Global Winds and their latitudes, include the areas of “No Wind”.
Polar Easterlies. 666.5-90, Prevailing westerlies 23.5-66.5, Trade winds 23.5-23.5 N and S
2. What kind of weather can we expect with the following cloud types; cumulus, stratus,
nimbostratus, cumulonimbus and cirrus?
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Cumulus- clear, sunny and fair weather
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Stratus- overcast and cloudy
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Nimbostratus- rainy or snowing with precipitation but not a storm
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Cumulonimbus- severe thunderstorm to tornadoes or surrounding eye of hurricane
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Cirrus- clear and sunny with high pressure but storm approaching
4. Why do land and sea breezes exist?
Because the air pressure changes as the land cools quickly and water holds heat in the evening
but during the day, the lands heats quickly creating low pressure over land.`
1. What is the cause of summers on Earth?
More direct sunlight due to the tilt
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low
2. Wind is the movement of air from _____________
to __________
pressure.
3. The Earth’s ozone layer is important because:
Protection from UV radiation
4. The sun’s rays are least direct at:
At the poles
5. What is the best device for predicting rain? Why?
Barometer- tells if pressure is dropping before rain comes
6. Your oven is an example of which heat transfer?
Convection
1. Which type of precipitation is formed only from cumulonimbus clouds?
Hail
2. What is the “temperature” that is needed for precipitation to occur?
Dew point
3. What are the particles in the air that are required for clouds to form?
Condensation nuclei
Decreases
4. The density of air _____________
as elevation increases.
5. What is a large volume of air that has the characteristics over the area of which it
forms?
Air mass
6. Why are mountain climbers short of breath when climbing a mountain?
Oxygen molecules are more spread out and harder to take in
7. What is the major difference between leeward and windward sides of a mountain?
precipitation
1. Why do convection currents exist?
cold air is more dense than warm
2. Why do land breezes occur?
land cools off quicker than water
3. Where are horse Latitudes located?
30° North and south of the equator
4. What are the two conditions required for a cloud to form?
cooling of the air and condensation nuclei