Transcript File
Do Now: We all know that we cannot live on other planets, but why? What makes Earth so unique that we can live on it? Pre-Assessment 1. How does weather affect soil? 2. How does weather affect you? 3. What is the difference between weather and climate? 4. What are the layers of the atmosphere? Aim: How does our atmosphere impact our climate and weather? What is weather? Refers to the state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. The one thing that you can talk to anybody about If you don’t like the weather just wait around it will change in Texas What are some of the factors that affect the weather? Air Temperature Temperature is the measure of the average amount of motion in particles. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Wind a natural movement of air of any velocity; especially : the earth's air or the gas surrounding a planet in natural motion horizontally Humidity The amount of water vapor present in the air Relative Humidity -is a measure of the amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the amount needed for saturation at a specific temperature Clouds Masses of small water droplets or tiny ice crystals that float in the air. Three main types are cirrus, cumulus, and stratus. Other clouds are a mixture of these three main types. Precipitation Water that falls from the clouds Air temperature determines the form of precipitation that falls 4 main types of Precipitation: Rain, Sleet, Snow and Hail __________________________________________________________________________________________ Previously… We discussed Earth’s internal structure & function as well as Earth’s soil formation and the importance of not degrading this natural resource. Now we will discuss the outer layers of Earth and how they help keep us safe! Types of Precipitation Rain Sleet Snow Hail Composition of the Atmosphere: Has changed a lot over 4.6 billion years. Started from gases emitted from volcanoes. Oxygen began accumulating 2.5 billion years ago. Composition of Air Nitrogen and Oxygen most abundant. Varies from time to time and place to place. Ex: rush hour and near factories and airports. Our Atmosphere is a layer of gases held close to the earth by the force of gravity. FYI: The farther you are from the center of Earth, the weaker gravity’s force is on you Layers of the atmosphere There are 4 layers in the atmosphere They are the troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and stratosphere Question Why do you think the temperature falls and rises twice, going from lower to higher altitudes? Troposphere 10-20 km (5-10 miles up) Where all the weather we experience occurs Contains most of the atmospheric water vapor & clouds Location of greenhouse gases which trap (absorb) radiation from the sun warming our surface Becomes colder with an increase in altitude Composition of the Atmosphere: ESRT All other gasses: CO2, Ar, Methane etc Troposphere Composition 78% N2 20% O2 Less than 2% Water vapor (0.1-4%) Argon gas (1%) Carbon Dioxide (0.04%) Trace gases Pause… Why do you think most of the planets air is in the troposphere? Stratosphere contains the Ozone Shield 17–26 km (10– 16 mi) above sea level resulting in temp. increasing with height no precipitation Ozone layer/shield Ozone (O3) absorbs most of the UV radiation from the sun and filters its rays This UV absorbtion causes it to heat up the part of the stratophere that’s closer to the sun (farthest from Earth) Mesosphere Extends about 80km above Earth’s surface Area where meteors are usually burnt up Thermosphere (Ionosphere) is the thinnest gas layer located 110km above Earth Space shuttle orbits here FYI: Called ionosphere b/c of ionization that takes place absorbs the solar wind (energetic photons from the sun) Ex: Aurora Borealis reflects long distance radio waves making long distance radio communication possible Frequency Waves Passing Through the Atmosphere The aurora borealis occurs in which of the following parts of the atmosphere? A.Troposphere B.Thermosphere C.Mesosphere D.Hydrosphere E.Stratosphere B Thermosphere (ionosphere) Which of the following are the two most important factors in determining a habitat’s climate? A.Temperature/wind speed B.Wind direction/precipitation C.Wind speed/rate of evaporation D.Rate of evaporation/temperature E.Temperature/precipitation E) Average Temperature & Average Precipitation The atmosphere is warmed as gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide absorb the infared heat radiated from the earth. This process is best described as A. Ozone depletion B. The green house effect C. Biomagnification D. Ionization E. Convection B= As the sun’s light passes through the atmosphere it strikes the solid earth. The earth with its soil, water, buildings, asphalt and concrete absorb this radiant energy. This energy is then radiated back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation. This radiation can be reflected back into the atmosphere (the greenhouse effect) or pass back into space Summary How do we impact the atmosphere? Positive and/or negative impacts.