Transcript Water, Water, Everywhere

“Water, Water, Everywhere”
Earth Science
The Water Cycle
Water Cycle
(picture interpretation)
Earth Science
The Water Cycle
• Major Emphasis:
• S6E3. Students will recognize the
significant role of water in earth
processes.
• b. Relate various atmospheric conditions
to the stages of the water cycle.
• HERE COMES THE RAIN AGAIN
Every afternoon, the same darn thing: Gully-washers, thunderclaps
and, of course, lightning. Take cover, folks, the dog days are here.
Author: GRACIE BONDS STAPLES Date: August 1, 2005
Publication: Atlanta Journal-Constitution
WHY HERE?
• What we experience in the Southeast in late summer are typically
"air mass" thunderstorms (as opposed to moving in with a front),
which are formed as the day gets hotter on the ground. Moisture
rises from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic and forms rain clouds.
"If you get down to places like Florida, and have even more
humidity, they have an even better chance of thunderstorms," said
Jim Noffsinger, senior forecaster of the National Weather
Related Content Standards
• S6E4b. Relate unequal heating of land and
water surfaces and weather events as
tornadoes and thunderstorms.
• S6E4c. Relate how moisture from the
oceans affects the weather patterns and
weather events such as hurricanes
Four named storms in early July set record
Forecasters predict a bad hurricane season
Severe Weather
Updated: 5:33 p.m. ET July 9, 2005
Arlene, Bret, Cindy and now Dennis. Storm hunters don’t expect to be hunched over
their radar screens and dispatching chase aircraft until Labor Day. But 2005 is no
normal year.
Martin Nelson, the lead forecaster at the National Hurricane Center in Miami, says this
is the first time the Atlantic hurricane season had four named storms this early since
record-keeping began in 1851. The season runs from June 1 to Nov. 30.
The first three storms never grew beyond tropical storms that dumped rain and cut
utilities from Louisiana to the Carolinas. Dennis got its name on July 5 and two days
later it had morphed into a Category 4 monster with winds reaching 150 mph. It also
is the earliest occurrence of a Category 4 hurricane in the Caribbean, and possibly the
U.S., meteorologists say.
Characteristics of Science
Standards
• Characteristics of Science:
• S6CS1: Students will explore the importance of curiosity, honesty,
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openness and skepticism in science and will exhibit these traits in
their own efforts to understand how the world works.
S6CS4: Students will use tools and instruments for observing,
measuring, and manipulating equipment and material in scientific
activities.
S6CS5: Students will use the ideas of system model, change, and
scale in exploring scientific and technological matters.
S6CS6: Students will communicate scientific ideas and activities
clearly.
S6CS8: Students will investigate the characteristics of scientific
knowledge and how its achieved.
S6CS10: Students will enhance reading in all curriculum areas
by…
Big Ideas
• The Water Cycle
• Atmospheric Conditions
• Role of Water in Earth’s Processes
Understandings
• There are distinct stages of the water cycle (i.e.,
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evaporation, condensation, etc.).
There are 3 basic cloud types.
There are various forms of precipitation (i.e.,
rain, sleet, snow, etc.).
Precipitation can be measured and can be
controlled.
Humidity is a measure of water vapor in the air.
Evaporation is the process by which water
molecules escape into the air as water vapor.
Understandings
• Precipitation is any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches
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the Earth’s surface.
Condensation is changing of a gas to a liquid.
Most differences in air pressure are caused by unequal heating of
the atmosphere.
Wind is the horizontal movement of air from an area of high
pressure to an area of lower pressure.
Global winds/local winds are caused by unequal heating of Earth’s
surface.
A hurricane is a tropical storm, which gets its energy from humid air
at the ocean’s surface.
A tornado is a small, very violent funnel-shaped storm.
A thunderstorm is a storm with thunder, lightning, heavy
Questions to Consider
• What severe weather events are most
common in your community?
• How do those events compare with severe
weather events in other parts of the
country?
• What causes towering rain clouds to form?
What causes such clouds to move from
place to place?
Knowledge and Skills
• How to use scientific language
• Demonstrate the stages of the water
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correctly
What is the water cycle?
What causes cloud formation?
What is precipitation?
What is humidity?
What is evaporation?
How does the water cycle cause
various atmospheric conditions?
What is condensation?
What is weather?
What conditions create hurricanes?
What are tornadoes?
How does the water cycle cause
various weather conditions
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cycle (via movement)
Sketch the various stages of the water
cycle
Create a graphic organizer (foldable)
pertaining to the stages of the water
cycle
Explain how atmospheric conditions
are related to the water cycle
Explain that weather is composed of
air temperature, humidity, wind speed
and direction, and precipitation in a
particular place and time.
Stage 2: Evidence
• Performance Task:
Part One:
An entertainment company wants to build a public arena in or near your
community. The company proposes a circular arena that will seat 25,000
people. The arena will have a retractable roof that will allow for open-air
rock concerts in good weather. Closing the roof will keep the company from
having to cancel concerts in bad weather. Local government officials will
approve the proposed arena if a plan is in place to ensure the safety of
concert-goers. Of special concern is safety in severe weather. It takes an
hour to close the roof of the building. Before and after concerts, roads
leading to and from the arena will be clogged with cars. Some of the roads
may cross streams that may flood in severe weather. Will people be safe if
severe weather develops? What warning signs will help the company
decide whether to close the roof or cancel a concert? The entertainment
company has asked students in your school to help them evaluate the
potential for severe weather hazards in your community. Can you use your
understanding of weather to explain how to recognize when severe weather
threatens your region? You will need to explain what to do during a
weather-related emergency.
Part Two:
• You are a meteorologist who has been hired to
develop a report that will explain to the
entertainment company how to recognize when
severe weather hazards may be approaching,
and what to do in case of such hazards. Your
report will help the company to complete their
final plans for the proposed arena. Without
your report, the arena project will be dropped.
Products
• Your report should address:
• The weather-related hazards that are likely to occur in your
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community.
How often the hazards are likely to occur, and at what times of the
year.
How dangerous these hazards are and what kind of damage they
can produce.
What conditions might contribute to the development of these
hazards.
The warning signs that indicate when severe weather is developing.
How citizens can be informed on short notice (in less than one hour)
when weather-related hazards are expected.
How citizens can prepare in advance for specific weather hazards.
What safety procedures citizens should follow during and after
severe weather events.
Assessment Criteria
Think about what you have been asked to do.
Work with your classmates and your teacher to
define the criteria for assessing your work.
Devise a grading sheet for the assessment of the
challenge. Record all of this information. Make
sure you understand the criteria and the grading
scheme as well as you can. Your instructor may
provide you with a sample rubric to help you get
started.
Water Cycle Cartoon
Waiting for the subway, Mr. I.M. Richman slips and falls in a
puddle of water.
Above him, he sees water dripping from some pipes. They
must be leaking! I.M. Richman decides to sue Pip
Peterson, the maker of the pipes
Water cycle Cartoon
Pip Peterson asks Science Court attorney Alison Krempel to defend her
company. "Our pipes don't leak, Ms. Krempel!"
In Science Court, Alison Krempel calls an expert witness, meterologist
Maria Hernandez. "Water in the air condensed on the outside of the
pipes and dripped onto the floor. The pipes weren't leaking," says
Maria.
Water Cycle Cartoon
"Water in the air? Do you expect us to believe that there is
water roaming around in the air?" asks Doug Savage,
I.M. Richman's attorney
Judge Stone and the Science Court jury must decide: Is Pip
Peterson guilty of leaky pipes? Or could the water have
come from the air?
Water Cycle Songs
• “The Water Cycle Boogie”
• “The Water Cycle”
Kinesthetic Activities
• The Water Cycle Dance
• Water Cycle “Electric Slide”
Terms for “Electric Slide”
• Condensation
• Precipitation
• Evaporation
Cloud in A Bottle
• Author: Michael Kneese; Snake River Jr.
High, Idaho
• PURPOSE: The purpose to this activity is
to demonstrate to the students the direct
affects of pressure and temperature on
cloud formation (refer to handout).
Procedure: “Cloud in A Bottle”
• Place about 20 ml of water in a wide mouth
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gallon pickle jar
Place a lit match into the jar.
Quickly place a heavy duty clear plastic bag
over the mouth of the jar and secure a firm
seal by placing a rubber band/masking tape
around the top of the jar.
Push the bag into the jar quickly, then pull the
bag out. Observe!
Other Evidence
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Other Evidence: (quizzes, tests, prompts, observations, dialogues, work samples, etc.)
Quizzes:
Vocabulary-selected response
Constructed response – description of stages of the water cycle
Tests:
Selected response test about water cycle and various atmospheric
Conditions
Observation:
Sketch of various stages of the water cycle
Demonstrate the distinct stages of the water cycle via movement (dance)
Track weather conditions using the internet for various regions of the U.S.
Maintain a weather log of weather conditions in your area (i.e., humidity,
air pressure, wind speed and direction, and cloud coverage).
Constructed Response: Ask members of your family or neighbors about the most
memorable thunderstorms they ever witnessed in your
community. (You may wish to describe a thunderstorm you
have witnessed).
Diagram:
Label and sequence pictures of stages in the water cycle.
Self-Assessment: Journal daily reflections, questions, and understandings.
Terms (not necessarily same terms
on standardized assessment)
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water cycle
precipitation
condensation
runoff
groundwater
evaporation
cumulus
stratus
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tornado
cirrus
thunderstorm
hurricane
humidity
air pressure
atmosphere
Sample Self-Assessment Questions
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What did you accomplish today?
What strengths do you think you showed in your work?
How did you feel about the topic we investigated today?
How well do you think you understood the activity we
did today?
• What questions do you have about what we did today?
• Are there some things you don’t understand?
• What do you think is the most important thing you
learned in science this week?
Multiple Choice Tests
• The next set of slides are questions released
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from state tests.
http://edinformatics.com/testing/testing.htm
• Instruction can be written to guide the
students in understanding the concept a
different level.
Questions
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Which is the thickest layer of the Earth?
Crust
Inner core
Mantle *
Outer core
Questions
• When air near the ground is warmed by
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sunlight, which of following occurs?
The warm air radiates and becomes cool
again.
The warm air evaporates into the cooler air.
The warm air expands and rises, resulting in
convection. *
The warm air loses its ability to hold water and
precipitates.
Questions
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When dense, cold air pushes beneath warmer
atmospheric air, the lighter warmer air rises. As this
air rises into the atmosphere, it cools and some and
some of the water vapor in it condenses.
Which of following will most likely form as this occurs?
a. a cloud *
b. A rainbow
c. a sunset
d. A tornado
Questions
• Which of the following is an important
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factor in explaining why seasons occur
on Earth?
Earth rotates on its axis.
The Sun rotates on its axis.
Earth’s axis is tilted. *
The Sun’s axis is tilted.
Questions
• Why do mountain climbers use oxygen
equipment a the top of the world’s highest
mountains?
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There
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less oxygen in the air at great heights. *
little nitrogen in the air at great heights.
a hole in the ozone layer.
no air at the top of very high mountains.
Questions
• The Moon produces no light, and yet it shines
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at night. Why is this?
The Moon reflects the light from the Sun.*
The Moon rotates at very high speed.
The Moon is covered with a thin layer of ice.
The Moon has many craters.
Science Websites
• Mad Scientists Network: www.madsci.org
• How Stuff Works: www.howstuffworks.com
• Environmental Education Network:
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http://www.envirolink.org
Chem4Kids.com:
http://chem4kids.com/index.html
Science UTM: www.ScienceU.com
www.braingym.org (educational kinesiology)