Transcript What separates the atmospheric layers?

Review
Atmosphere & Weather
6-4.1 Atmospheric Layers
6-4.2 Water Cycle
6-4.3 Clouds
1. Name the atmospheric layers from Earth’s surface outward & name an object for
each layer.
troposphere(weather/planes) stratosphere(ozone) mesosphere(meteors)
thermosphere( 18000C
ionosphere(electrcally charged particle-ions)
exosphere(space shuttles/satellites)
2. What are the two most common gases found throughout all the layers?
nitrogen & oxygen
3. Name the form of oxygen found in the stratosphere.
ozone
4. What are the important gases for weather conditions that are found in the
troposphere?
water vapor & carbon dioxide
5. What do we call all of the gases like carbon dioxide, argon and other gases that
make up 1% of the atmospheric gases?
trace gases
6. What separates the atmospheric layers?
differences in temperatures
7. As altitude __________, temperature ____________ in the troposphere.
increases
decreases
8. The ______________ is cold except in the upper region where the ozone is
located.
stratosphere
9. The ______________ is the coldest layer.
mesophere
10. The air is very this in the _____________________ and it is very ______.
thin
hot
11. The cold regions of outer space extend from the ____________.
exosphere
12. ____ ______ is the force exerted by the gases pushing on an object.
air pressure
13. Air pressure is greatest in the _________________.
troposphere
14. Air pressure ______________ through the layers farther out from the surface
as Earth’s pull of ______________ decreases.
decreases
gravity
15. Pressure __________________ as you move from the troposphere to the
exosphere.
decreases
16. ________ is always moving between the troposphere and the surface of Earth.
water
17. Condensation is forming ________.
Clouds
18. The forms of precipitation are __________,______,______,____,&_______.
rain, snow, freezing rain, sleet, & hail
19. Temperature variations within _______ and Earth allows for forms of
precipitation.
clouds
20. The two ways water enters the atmosphere are _______&_______.
evaporation
transpiration
21. ____________ is plants releasing water vapor.
transpiration
22. Water vapor changing to water droplets is called __________________.
condensation
23. _________ is formed when water vapor condenses directly onto surfaces.
dew
24. ________ is formed when water vapor changes from gas to ice crystals.
frost
25. _____________ is when precipitation that falls on land surfacesattempts
to move back toward sea level as surface-water flow or groundwater flow.
run-off
26. Water will remain on the surface when the surface is not _______ or the
precipitation is falling too fast to sink into the ground.
porous
27. Water will sink into the ground when the ground surface is porous and
there is lots of ________ in the soil to hold the water.
space
28. Clouds are classified into ________ major groups.
three
29. _____________ clouds form at medium or low elevations and are puffy
with flat bottoms.
cumulus
30. When cumulus clouds are white they signal_______ weather, but when
they are darker, they may signal _______ or _________.
fair
rain
thunderstorms
31. ___________ clouds form at medium or low elevations and are spread out
layer upon layer.
stratus
32. As stratus clouds ________, __________ usually occurs over that area.
thicken
precipitation
33. _________ means rain.
nimbus
34. Name two cloud with the prefix “nimbus”
cumulonimbus
nimbostratus
35. A _________ cloud is also called a thunderhead, is oftne part of
thunderstorm conditions that may accompany a _____ ______.
cumulonimbus
cold front
36. Alto means _______ level.
medium
37. Name two clouds with the prefix alto.
altocumulus
altostratus
38. Clouds that form when condensation occurs near the ground are called
_____.
fog
39. ________ ________ are huge bodies of air that form over water or land in
tropical or polar regions
air masses
40. _______ and _______ within the air masses are important in air masses.
temperature
humidity
6-4.4 Air Masses,pressure sys&fronts
6-4.5 Tools
6-4.5 Weather data
41. As air masses move and collide with each other, ________ form at the
boundaries between them.
fronts
42.Name the four types of fronts.
warm
cold
stationary occluded
43.When a warm air mass rides over a cold air mass, long periods of _____ and
warmer temperatures may occur.
precipitation
44. When a cold air mass slides under a warm air mass, _________and sometimes
__________ and cooler temperatures may occur.
thunderstorms
tornadoes
45. When neither a cold air mass nor a warm air mass moves at a frontal
boundary, the result is a __________ _______ and may produce long periods of
____________
stationary front precipitation
46. When a cold air mass pushes into a warm air mass that is behind a cool air
mass the warm air mass is pushed up above the cooler air mass. An_________
_________ occurs and a long period of _______ are produced.
occluded front
precipitation
47. Warm air _____ and cold air _______ combined with the spinning of Earth
causes the air to spin forming high & low _____ regions.
rising sinking
pressure
48. _______ pressure systems usually signal fair weather with winds moving
clockwise.
high
49. ______ pressure systems usually signal stormy weather with winds moving
counter clockwise.
low
50. When pressure differences occur, severe weather conditions called ______.
storms
51. ___________ can form in cumulonimbus clouds; usually along a cold front
but can form within an air mass.
thunderstorm
52. ______ is a rapidly moving funnel-shaped cloud that extends down from a
storm cloud.
tornado
53. _______ is a low pressure tropical storm that forms over warm ocean
water.The lower the pressure in the center of this storm, the faster the winds
blow towards the center of the storm.
hurricane
54. ________ is a condition of Earth’s atmosphere at any time.
weather
55. Fair weather, showers, light rain, humid conditions, clear skies with cold
conditions, days of precipitation, or others that involve storms are all weather
_____________
conditions
56. ________
A tool used to measure wind speed.
anemometer
57. ___________ or _____________a tool used to measure wind direction.
wind vane
wind sock
58. Wind direction is described by the direction from which the wind is _______.
blowing
59. _________ is a tool used to measure air temperature.
thermometer
60. __________ A two- thermometer instrument also referred to as a wet-dry bulb
used to measure relative humidity.
sling psychrometer
61. Temperature readings on a sling psychrometer are converted using a
________ ________ table.
relative humidity
62. __________ is a tool used to measure air pressure.
barometer
63. ________ is a tool used to measure the amount of precipitation.
rain gauge
64. ________ ________ and patterns can be predicted based on weather data
collected from various sources.
weather conditions
65. ________________ observe and measure basic weather conditions at national
weather data collection sites.
meteorologists
66. In order to make weather predictions, the __________ should be collected on a
regular basis over a period of time.
data
67. Patterns in weather conditions can be developed from the __________ of data.
analysis
68. Meteorologists can predict the path of a hurricane by using data plotted over
time on a ______________ tracking map.
hurricane
69. __________ are used on weather maps to indicate high and low pressure
systems.
isobars
70. _________ are used on a weather map to indicate temperature ranges.
isotherms
71. ________ ________ from specific locations provide information that can be
used to predict weather patterns.
station models
72. The information on a station model can include_________,________,______
and______, _______or _________.
cloud cover temperature
barometric pressure
wind direction
speed precipitation,
73. Satellite images are used to see _____ ________ and _______.
cloud patterns
movements
74. Radar images can be used to detect _____ _______,________, ________
_________, ____________ and _________as well as the potential for ___________
weather.
cloud cover
6-4.7
rainfall
storm location intensity
Sun heating Land & Water 6-4.8 Convection
movement
severe
6-4.9 Global winds
75. The source for heating the Earth and circulating Earth’s atmosphere comes from
the ______________.
Sun
76. Some of the Sun’s energy coming through Earth’s atmosphere is ___________ or
____________ by gases and/or clouds.
reflected or absorbed
77. The _____ heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly, but the ______ needs to
absorb lots of solar energy to warm up.
land
water
78. The ________ on Earth helps to regulate the temperature range of Earth’s
atmosphere.
water
79. ____________________ is the process of heat from the Sun moving back into
the troposphere where it cannot get through the atmosphere and is trapped.
greenhouse effect
80. Warm air near the Earth’s surface rises and then cools and drops, this creats a
_________ ________ in the atmosphere.
convection current
81. The three atmospheric convection areas are_________ , _______, & ________.
tropical
temperature
polar
82. Convection happens on a global scale in the atmosphere and causes ______
_________.
global winds
83. Global winds move _______ ______ and surface _______ _______ in particular
direction.
weather systems
ocean currents
84. Due to the spinning of Earth, weather systems move in certain directions because
of ___________ ______ __________.
global wind belts
85. Convection currents near bodies of water can cause local winds known as
__________ ____________ and _______ ___________.
land breezes sea breezes
86. The ______ ________ of Earth’s oceans circulate warm and cold ocean waters
in convection patterns and influence the weather and climate of the land
masses nearby.
surface currents
87. The _______ Gulf Stream current influences the eastern Atlantic shoreline of
the US.
warm
88. The _______ California current influences the Pacific shoreline.
cold
89. The unequal heating of Earth causes ______ _______(tropical,temperature,
polar)
climate zones
90. Climate is related to_______regions at various latitudes.
convection
91. Climate is related to ________ differences between the equator and the
poles.
temperature
92. Climate is related to ________ and ______ surface ocean currents.
warm
cold
93. _______ _______ are found in each convection region.
global winds
94. Because convection cells are in place in the atmosphere and earth is
spinning on its axis, the global winds appear to curve. This is known as the
__________ ________.
Coriolis effect
95. The global wind belt regions, the prevailing direction of the winds and how
air moves affect ______ _________.
weather conditions
96. _______ _________ blow from east to west in the tropical region moving
warm tropical air in that climate zone.
trade winds
97. The prevailing _______ ___________ blow from west to east in the temperature
region.
westerly winds
98. The temperate zone temperatures are affected most by _____ __________.
changing seasons
99. The US is in the ______ wind belt.
westerly
100. The weather sytems move across the country from _____ to ________.
west
east
101.Tropical weather systems, like hurricanes are moved by prevailing ____ _____.
trade winds
102.The______ ______ blow northeast to west in the polar region.
polar winds
103. ___ ______ A fast moving ribbon of air that moves from west to east in the
Northern Hemisphere around Earth.
jet stream
104.The _______ _______ _______ can bring down cold polar conditions from
the north.
polar jet stream
105. The _______ _____ ______ can bring warm tropical conditions from the
south(in the northern hemisphere).
subtropical jet stream