Transcript World environment Day, 5th June 2016

5th JUNE
2016
THEME OF THE YEAR
FIGHT AGAINST ILLEGAL
TRADE OF WILDLIFE
WILDLIFE ?
 WILDLIFE TRADITIONALLY REFERS TO UNDOMESTICATED
ANIMAL SPECIES, BUT HAS COME TO INCLUDE ALL PLANTS,
FUNGI, AND OTHER ORGANISMS THAT GROW OR LIVE WILD IN
AN AREA WITHOUT BEING INTRODUCED BY HUMANS.
 WL CAN BE FOUND IN ALL ECOSYSTEMS, DESERTS, FORESTS,
PLAINS, GRASSLANDS, AND OTHER AREAS INCLUDING THE
VMOST DEVELOPED URBAN SITES.
Value of wildlife
 The value of wildlife has been wildly ignored or under
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– rated in the part by the international community. It
was, at most, considered from the limited aesthetic &
touristic aspects. Their situation has changed
somewhat.
Commercial / Economic value
Environmental monitoring value
Recreational value
Waste processing value
Eesthetic Value
Ecological Value
HOW MANY ?
 WILD PLANT Spp.
 World : Around 3.5 lakhs
 India : Around 49,000
 West Bengal : Around 7012
 WILD ANIMAL Spp.
 World : Around 12 lakh
 India : Around 95,000
 West Bengal : Around
12702
Wildlife wealth of India
397 Mammals spp……… (9%)*
1232 Birds spp……….
.(14%)*
460 Reptiles spp…………..(8%)*
240 Amphibians spp……….(5%)*
2546 Fish
spp………………(12%)*
17500 Flowering plants
spp…………………………...(7%)*
14500 Fungi spp…………
.(21%)*
* % of global no. of species
ARE WILDLIFE HAPPY ?
NO
During 1970 to 2014 52% of wildlife have
been disappeared from the earth.
Why ?
Habibtat loss, habitat fragmentation, pollution,
unsustainable use, introduction of exotic species,
illegal trade, etc.
Illegal Trade of Wildlife
 Over the years illegal wildlife trade has emerged as a
form of organised Transitional Crime that has
threatened the existence of many wild species across
the globe.
 Today illegal wildlife trade is estimated to be worth
USD 50 - 150 billion per year. It is thethird most
lucrative global crimes after drugs, & weapons.
WHY WILDLIFE IS TRADED?
 Tiger - claws, bones, skins, whiskers, and virtually every part of their body used in
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TCM
Leopards - claws, bones, skins, whiskers, and virtually every part of their body
used in TCM
Rhino are poached for horns & skin & also for some parts
Elephant - Ivory
Otter - Skin used as trimming for coats & other garments
Musk deer - Musk pod
Chiru - wool for shahtiish shawls
Bear - Bile used in TCM
Mongoose - hair for fine paint brush
Snakes - skins for belts & leather purses
Sea Turtles - Shells
Birds (Mynas, Parakeets, Munias, etc) - Pet
Butterflies - Curios
Arrowana fish - Value in Feng shui
Timber
Medicinal & Aromatic plants - Medicines, etc.
POACHING -HUNTING OF TIGERS & LEOPARDS
 TIGER : 3200 wild tigers left in the world, 1425 killed by poaching
between 2000 – 2012
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23 tigers killed in 2014
25 tigers killed in 2015
116 leopards killed in 2014
125 leopards killed in 2015
Leoprads have lost 75% of their historical habitat (6/5/2016)
1664 Leopards poached last decade ((5/4/2016)
Tiger deaths in 2016
Tiger deaths in 2015
Mortality – 33
Mortality – 65
Poaching – 30
Poaching – 25
Seizures - 63
Seizures - 90
Leopards deaths in 2016
Leopards deaths in 2015
Mortality – 128
Mortality – 271
Poaching – 64
Poaching – 125
Seizures - 192
Seizures - 396
RHINO POACHING
 RHINOCEROS : Over 100 were slaughtered
in 2013 in South Africa.
Between 2007-2013 Rhino poaching increased by 7700% in South Africa
Rhino horn – USD 66,000 per Kg.
5000% increase in rhino poaching seen in Southern Africa between
2007 and 2011 alone.
ILLEGAL TRADE OF PANGOLIN
 Live pangolins, their meat and scales is a great trade in
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Myanmar.
2,00,000 pangolins recorded in seizures in the past 10 years
in 2011.
Between 40,000 – 60,000 pangolins were captured & killed
in Vietnam alone.
During 2006 – 2015 TRAFFIC found 48 bags of scales, 32
whole skins, 16 small pangolins, 27 adult pangolins
Seizures from Myanmar, china, India & Thailand during
2010 – 2014 counted as 4339 kg of scales & 518 whole
pangolins.
OTHER ANIMALS
 Gecko is used in China for preparing medicines of HIV
& Cancer, whereas turtles are needed to prepare a
special kind of soup in Malaysia & Thailand.
 Tokey Geckos – Rs. 20 lakhk each in International
market & aromatic
 The Himalayan Maina is considered to be pious and its
blood is used for different religious purposes in Gulf
countries.
 Star Tortoise - Worth Rs. 4 crore annually.
Human well being in both rural and urban areas depends on a diverse
array of wild plants. This includes species used for their medicinal and
aromatic properties. Besides medicinal values, these plants also flavour
our food and drinks, perfume and give colour to beauty products and
provide incense.
An estimated 50,000 – 70,000 MAPs are harvested from the wild. Of
these nearly 8000 spp. are in use.
Annual global export value of pharmaceutical plants alone being over
USD 2.2 billion in 2011.
Annual turnover of herbal medicine in India is estimated, 1,77,000 mt.
for which 960 plant species are in active trade. High pressure –
CITES has notified 11 Indian MAPs for case including Nardostachys
jatamanis & Kutki (Picrorhiza kurroa) from Uttarakhand alone a total of
2200 MT covering 100 spp. are traded
MEDICINAL & AROMATIC PLANTS
 In China for example an estimated 5,000 spp. are used in
traditional medicine. The annual demand for these plant
drugs exceeds 700,000 tons, 80% of which are from wild
sources with an in-country market value of USD 1.4 billion.
In Indonesia, a total of 1260 species of medicinal plants are
reportedly sold in the markets, most of which are collected
from forests. In South Africa, between 400 and 500 species
are commonly sold for traditional medicinal use, of which
90% are harvested from wild sources. In Germany, 1543
medicinal plant species are in import and export trade, 7090% of which are harvested primarily from the wild. In
exports of medicinal raw materials, India ranks second to
China, which exports an estimated 32,600 tons per year
valued at USD 46 million,
KILLING & ILLEGAL WL TRADE IN INDIA
 During the pre independence days, tigers in India
were considered as pests & people were awarded
for killing tiger
 Post independence the hunting became an open
access to even the common man, but finally in the
late 19th century the wildlife protection laws
emerged
 Illegal wildlife trade today is a lucrative trade as it
offers high gain with low detention & less
conviction probably.
LIST OF FEW LATEST NEWS ON ILLEGIAL WILDLIFE TRADE IN INDIA
6th May, 2016 -123 kg of Pagolin scales seized at Mizoram.
2nd May 2016 – Rhino poaching in Kaziranga
30th April, 2016 – Three leopard skin seized in Uttarakhand
27th April, 2016 – Three people arrested with Gecko in Kolkata
32st March, 2016 - Rescued 143 endangered tortoises at Mumbai Air Port
16th March, 2016 – Turtles & Parakeets seized in UP
14th March, 2016 – Tiger poaching in Corbett Tiger Reserve
14th March, 2016 – Dusky Eagle Owl seized in Agra
14th March, 2016 – People arreseted for poaching birdsin AP
11th March, 2016 – 7 people arrested for killing leopardin TN
5th March, 2016 – Rhino horn seizure in Rajasthan
27th Februart, 2016 – 800 turtles seized in Arunachal Pradesh
Deer meat seized in Arunachal Pradesh
Pangolin, Red corals, Leoaprd bones, Red sand boa, Turtles, etc.
TRADING IN WEST BENGAL
 Illegal trafficking syndicates of wild animals are known from Baguiati,
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Kestopur, Dum Dum, Rajarhat areas.
In one occasion more than 1000Hamilton turtles, vulnerable species,
were seized from these areas, brought from Odisha & Andhra Pradesh
Turtles are mostly poached in India & sent to Bangladesh.
Exotic animals are brought to Bengal via Bangladesh & Nepal.
South Asian Turtles or Black Spotted Turtles is regarded one of the
most attractive turtles because of its spotted skin and boldly patterned
shell. Bangkok is the transit hub.
A mature turtle (about 30 cms) can cost more than USD 2000 in Hong
Kong.
To meet international demand for Indian Star Tortoises as exotic
pets, more than 55,000 tortoises are being poached from just one site in
South East India each year alone. Thailand is the primary destination
FIGHTERS
 Whole species are being hunted to extinction, as part of an
illegal trade that benefits organised criminals and armed
gangs. We want you to add voice to ours and say “ enough is
enough”.
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CITES
RED DATA
TRAFFIC
WWF
 Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 & Amendments
 Forest Act
 Biodiversity Act, 2002
YOU DECIDE
Will you support us and
help preserve these animals
or will you do nothing as
they vanish from our world
forever?