Transcript Relict plant - definition

Relict plant - definition
NordGen working definition
Plants that were once, but are no longer cultivated in a
certain area, and where a part of the population still exists
even though it is no longer actively maintained
Relict plant - definition
Wikipedia:
“A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon.”
Relict plant - definition
Wikipedia:
In biology a relict (or relic) is an organism that at an earlier
time was abundant in a large area but now occurs at only
one or a few small areas.
In ecology, an ecosystem which originally ranged over a
large expanse, but is now narrowly confined, may be termed
a relict.
In geology, the term relict refers to structures or minerals
from a parent rock that did not undergo metamorphosis when
the surrounding rock did, or to rock that survived a
destructive geologic process.
Relict plant - definition
Wikipedia:
In agronomy, a relict crop is a crop which was previously
grown extensively, but is now only used in one limited region,
or a small number of isolated regions.
In historical linguistics, a relict is a word that is a survivor of a
form or forms that are otherwise archaic.
A relict was an ancient term for a widow, but has come to be
a generic or collective term for widows and widowers.
Relict plant - definition
Use in scientific publications:
•Remaining population of previously abundant species
•Human or non-human causes
•Wild species
Relict plant - definition
Use on internet:
•Remaining population of previously abundant species
•Human or non-human causes
•Wild species
Relict plant - definition
Conclusion:
Not enough for our needs.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
1.Plants that are found in places where they otherwise can
no longer be found.
2. Plants that have been cultivated (in an undefined historic
period) at a location that is more or less deserted and that
can still be found at that location.
3. Remaining single individuals of plants that used to be
more abundant – cultural plants.
4. An old cultivated plant that has been brought from another
country because it was useful.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
5. Cultivated plants that are left at a location that today has
been taken over by nature’s own development.
6. A plant that has survived at a location during a long time
where it is no longer cultivated or taken care of. It must have
been “left” for at least 50 years or more, ot it will instead
count as a historical trace of cultivation. I further define a
relict plant as a “survivor” – strong and competitive.
7. To me, it is a plant that has been cultivated for a long time
in Sweden, maybe at an old homestead, etc. As a botanist
you sometimes find relict plants in the forest and then one
starts thinking about those who used to live there and
cultivate the ground there.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
8. The same way you do.
9. Remaining plant that tells us something about a facility.
10. Genetic unit/plant material that remaining from an older
time when it was cultivated for use.
11. Plant that has been deliberately cultivated and remained
at the location.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
12. Relict plant is a botanical term that for more than 100
years has been used about plants that had was more
abundant during a previous geological period. Lately I have
seen that the term has started to appear in a more cultural
historical perspective.
13. Don’t know
14. Just like above.
15. Remaining plants at a certain locality where they were
originally cultivated (a long time ago).
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
16. Need more space to answer this question.
17. It could e plants that are remaining at one location, after
the use of the location has been altered, but it can also be
plants that have just been left at one location.
18. Plants that used to be more common but that for different
reasons have remained at certain locations.
19. Plants that have been used at historical facilities and are
not used anymore, independently of a specified time (can be
[MA] or 19th century).
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
20. Same as above.
21. Plants that have been cultivated at a location and have
survived even though they are not taken care of anymore.
22. Remaining domesticated after active cultivation has
ceased.
23. Original species partly preserved in its cultural historical
context.
24. Remains of living plants that can be assumed to have
survived at the locations since medieval times.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
25. Living remains of plants from an earlier cultivation,
usually old, e.g. medieval.
26. Kvarstånde, en gång planterad och odlad växt.
Remaining once planted and cultivated plant.
27. A plant that grows at a location where it a long time ago
has been cultivated. It can be an actual plant or seeds in the
seed bank in the soil.
28. A taxon that during historical time (= after the glacial
period) has been an important part of the vegetation
including farmland, but that today is redlisted or rare.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
29. A “remaining plant” from previous cultivation.
30. Forgotten and resurrected.
31. Relict from earlier time.
32. Cultural historical traces from previous cultivation.
33. A cultivated plant that has survived without being tended
for a long time in a garden or a park.
34. A plant that tells cultural history about the place.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
35. A plant that has grown for a long time (what ever that
means) and that indicates some kind of cultural history about
the place/plant/people who has owned it/lived there. Difficult
to define. I don’t think the place has to be abandoned, so the
18th century oaks at Drottningholm are also relict plants.
36. A plant that has been imported and cultivates as food,
medicine, fiber or ornamental and has managed to survive
for centuries close to human settlement even though the
cultivation has ceased.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
37. Plants that are no longer for sale and are rarely
mentioned in the literature, but has survived in gardens from
generation to generation, plants that people do not know the
name of, even though they know the plant.
38. Remaining species (not necessarily cultural plant) that
originates from a different biotope.
39. Cultural plants that have been cultivated at a location for
utility or beauty, but that for one reason or another is no
longer in active cultivation, but that has survived at the
location or as fugitives in the nearby area.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
40. Plants planted by humans. (This is how we defined
cultural plants in our inventories).
41. Plant that is planted/cultivated by humans and that
continues to grow without human care.
42. A plant that remains afteer cultivation has ceased.
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
Summary
•Remnant of previously cultivated species or variety
oOften lower than species level
oUsually connected to a certain place
oSize of remnant less relevant
•Human or non-human causes
oHuman caretaking terminated
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
Summary
•Cultivated
oMost respondents only mention cultivated
oSome accept both wild and cultivated
oSeveral explicitly allow only cultivated
oNon-indigenous
•Time scale relevant
oHesitation to specify
•Informative
oCultural history
oGenetics
Relict plant - definition
Survey of expert opinions:
Conclusion:
•Geographical restriction
•Anthropogenic restriction
•Temporal restriction
•Informative