Transcript pptx - University of Colorado Boulder

Available Alpine Resources for
the Insectivorous Goldencrowned Kinglet
Shelley Nagata
-Winter Ecology, 2010 –
Mountain Research Station,
University of Colorado, Boulder
EBIO 4100, Sec 570
Overview
Research & background topics about the
Golden-crowned Kinglet
Investigate how Kinglet is able to survive
through the cold weather
Procedure and Methods that were executed in
order to answer this question
Results
Drawing conclusions
Research
 Kinglets summer diet
Little information on winter diet
Difficulties faced among winter
Bernd Heinrich and Ross Bell
Key Features of the Golden-crowned
Kinglet (Regulus satrapa)
Identification Tips
Important behavioral
aspects
http://www.usgs.gov
What are the Kinglets eating??
 Discover the possible resources
available in alpine ecosystems.
 Determine how well the resources are
represented in the sampled area
 Field Tools
- Beat sheet
Methods
- Sledge hammer
-Aspirator
 Communities 1 & 2
-10,100 ft
-9,600 ft
 Community constants
-20 Trees at each site
-Spruce Forests
 Collect count data
Bernd Heinrich and Ross Bell
Classifying
-body
shape
-wings
- legs
Segmented appendages
Results continued…
Species
Species Species
Order 1
Order 2 Order 3
(Coleoptera) (Diptera) (Hymenoptera
)
Communit
y1
10,100
Communit
y2
9,600
0
2
Species
Species
Order 4
Order 5
(Psocoptera) (Lepidoptera)
1
2
2
0
2
3
Diversity Index
s
Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) = -Σ (pi)(lnpi)
i=1
pi  proportion of individuals of
species (i) in community
1
0
Chi-squared test
X2 = Σ (Observed-Expected)2/
Expected
Community Diversities
Community 1: 10,100 ft
H’= 0.21
More distributed environment
Less Stable
Community 2: 9,600 ft
H’ = 0.24
Greater abundance
compare the multiple dependent
variables collected under different
environments
Chi-squared Interpretation
Level 0.01 indicated a significant difference
between the proportions of insects found in
community 1 and community 2.
Distribution of observations differs among the
two communities
Communities structured differently in regards
to the different orders found in the
communities
Drawing Conclusions
Winter foraging results
in abundance
Evolving affects on
foraging specialization
Freeze Avoidance
-Cannot tolerate formation of ice in
body tissues
Free Tolerance
-Tolerate formation of ice within
tissues
-Evolving Orders
References
Bell, R. & Heinrich, B. 2010. Winter Food of Small
Insectivorous Bird, the Golden-Crowned Kinglet.
Wilson Ornithological Society. The Wilson Bulletin
107(3): 558-561.
http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/Infocenter/
i7480id.html