Invasive, Endangered, and Reintroduced Species
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invasive, endangered, and
reintroduced species of pennsylvania
By: Becca Goldscheitter
Table of Contents
Endanger
-ed
Species
Invasive
Species
Reintroduc
-ed/
Extirpated
Species
List of
Resources
Endangered Species
5 Most
Common
Reasons for
Endangerment
What can be
done to
Prevent
Endangerment
3 Endangered
Animals
2 Endangered
Plants
Endangered Species:
A species that is so
small that there is a
chance of extinction
5 of the Most Common Reasons for
Endangerment
Habitat
Destruction
Disease
Introduction
of New
Species
• Species can’t adapt to
any other environment
• Example: cutting down
trees in rain forest
Inbreeding
• If the whole species is
not genetically diverse
it will be wiped out
• Example: Rabies
• New species take niche
of native species
• New species prey on
native species
Hybridization
• When animals
breed in their own
group too much
• Offspring becomes
unhealthy
• When two animals
from different subspecies mate
• Unhealthy genes
pass on to offspring
What can be done to prevent
Endangerment
Stop habitat destruction
Plant trees
3 Endangered Animals
CLICK
CLICK
Peregrine Falcon
Reasons of endangerment:
DDT and other pesticides make eggs shells thin
Habitat is destroyed
Indiana Bat
Reasons of endangerment:
Females cross highways up to eight times in one night
(so they get ran over…)
Humans enter hibernation places
Northern Flying Squirrel
Reasons of endangerment:
Loss of habitat
Has to compete for places to live and food sources
Southern flying squirrel carries a disease that is lethal to northern flying
squirrel
2 Endangered Plants
Virginia Mallow
Click on the
pictures…
Northeastern Bulrush
Virginia Mallow
Reasons of endangerment:
grows in heavily occupied, construction-prone
areas
multi-flora rose invades habitat
Northeastern Bulrush
Reasons of endangerment:
People are filling/ditching in their habitat (wetland)
Water pollution – Northern Bulrush either lives in deep
water, few inches of water, or near a pond’s edge.
Invasive Species
Native, Introduced, and Invasive Species
5 Common ways of Emigration
4 Common ways Invasive Species Negatively Affect
our Environments
3 Invasive Animals
2 Invasive Plants
Native, Introduced, and Invasive
Species
Native
Introduced
Invasive
• A species
that has lived
in a certain
area for a
long time
• A species
that has is
introduced to
an area
where it has
never lived
before
• Species
introduced
into a habitat
that ruin the
ecosystem or
steal a native
specie’s niche
5 Common ways invasive species
get into our country
Seeds- carried by
the wind or birds
Plants- brought
here for decoration
Some insects get into wood
(crates, shipping palates)
and are shipped across
the world…
Insects-their
eggs
Kidnapping exotic are in potted plants
species and selling brought from other
them for money
countries
4 Common ways Invasive Species
Negatively Affect our Environments
They…
Steal niches of
native species
Prey on native
species
Interbreed with
native species
Bring diseases
into environments
3 Invasive Animals
CLICK
Zebra Mussel
Brown Marmorated Stink
Bug
CLICK
Snakehead Fish
Comes from:
Eastern Europe
and Western
Asia
Niche in
natural
environment:
Exploit their
ability to attach
to a “hard
substrate”
Niche in
introduced
environment:
Filter feeder
Zebra Mussel
(Dreissena polymorpha)
Problems they cause:
Clog “water intake structures” –pipes, and screens
Heavily colonize buoys, walls, boats, and beaches
Decrease the amount of food available for fish by filtering plankton
and particles in the water
Problems
they cause:
(Oh, where should
I even begin!)
They…
ruin crops
annoy
people
are hard to
kill without
squishing,
which makes
a gross smell.
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
(Halyomorpha halys)
Baby stink bugs…
Comes from: China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan,
Niche in natural environment: Attacked fruits such as
peaches, figs, and persimmons
Niche in introduced environment: Huge pests, ruining all sorts of crops
Problems
that they
cause:
They…
prey on
native
species
will eat
anything
Snakehead Fish
Comes from: China, Russia, and Korea
Niche in natural habitat: Preys on native species
Niche in introduced habitat: compete for habitat
(Channa argus)
2 Invasive Plants
Sycamore maple
Click on the
pictures…
Porcelain-berry
Problems it
causes:
Produces
so many
little trees
that it is
hard for
native tree
species to
live
Sycamore Maple
(Acer pseudoplatanus)
Comes from: Europe and western Asia
Niche in native environment: Competes with other trees for habitats
Niche in introduced environment: Competes with other trees for habitats
Problems it
causes:
Spreads
fast and
takes over
both forests
and open
habitats
Steals
habitats of
native
plants
Porcelain-berry
(Ampelopsis brevipedunculata)
Comes from: China, Korea, Japan, and far east Russia
Niche in native environment: Used for bedding and landscaping
Niche in introduced environment: Used for bedding and landscaping
Reintroduced/Extirpated Species
Definitions
1 Reintroduced Species
Definitions
• When a species is introduced into
an environment it used to be in
• Species that has become extinct
in a certain area
1 Reintroduced Species:
In Pennsylvania, the last
reported elk was shot in
1867
The cause of the extinction
of the elk in Pennsylvania
was unregulated hunting and
clearing the elks’ habitat
American Elk (Cervus elaphus)
Between 1913-1926: the
Pennsylvania Game
Commission released 117 elk
into Pennsylvania from South
Dakota and Wyoming
List of Resources
http://www.endangeredspecie.com/causes_of_endangerment.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/J002558F/extinction.htm
http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/forestry/plants/threatenedandendangered/index.htm
http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt?open=514&objID=621014&mode=2
http://raystown.nab.usace.army.mil/LandManagement/plants.htm
http://www.esa.org/education/edupdfs/invasion.pdf
http://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Conservation/Threats-to-Wildlife/Invasive-Species.aspx
http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/unitedstates/pa.shtml
http://www.fws.gov/northeast/pdf/bulrush.pdf
http://www.pserie.psu.edu/seagrant/ais/watershed/mussel.htm
http://www.invasivespecies.net/database/species/ecology.asp?si=380&fr=1&sts=sss&lang=EN
http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/es_map/articles/article_66.mhtml
http://ento.psu.edu/extension/factsheets/brown-marmorated-stink-bug
THE END.