Transcript EcologyCP BIO - Appoquinimink High School

Introducing
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Essential Question
• What is an Ecosystem and
How does energy flow within
an Ecosystem?
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Unit Essential Question: How do organisms interact with
each other the abiotic factors within the area that they live? In
which direction does energy flow within the system? What
happens when the flow of energy is interrupted? What
happens when non-native species are introduced into an area?
Lesson Essential
Questions:
1. What is an
ecosystem?
2. Where does the
energy come
from within an
ecosystem?
3. How does the
energy flow
within an
ecosystem?
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Lesson Essential
Lesson Essential
Questions:
Questions:
1. In what ways can 1. What happens
species interact
when
with each other?
chemicals
2. What is
naturally leach
into systems?
symbiosis?
Define the four
2. What happens
major types.
when humans
introduce
chemicals into
the
environment?
Lesson Essential
Questions:
1. What happens
when an
ecosystem is
affect by fire or
other major
geologic/weath
er event?
2. How might the
ecosystem
change?
3. What happens
when humans
introduce a
new species
into an area?
What is Ecology?
• Branch of biology that studies the environment
and the interactions that take place between
organisms and their environment.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Biosphere
• Part of the earth that supports all life.
• Extends from high in atmosphere to bottom of
the oceans.
• Includes a wide range of climates – which
helps to determine biomes
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Ecosystem
includes all abiotic and biotic factors in
one particular environment
Biotic Factors
Abiotic Factors
the living parts of
an ecosystem
the nonliving parts
of an ecosystem
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Bio
Biotic Factors
include plants, animals, fungi,
microorganisms
Bio = life; ology = study of
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Examples of Biotic
Factors
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A
Abiotic Factors
include air, water, soil, temperature,
wind, source of energy (usually sun)
a, an
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prefix
not, without
Examples of Abiotic
Factors
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Examples of Ecosystems
Mountains
Coral
Arizona
ReefinDesert
inColorado
Belize
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Ecosystems
do not necessarily have clear boundaries
due to biotic and abiotic changes
can change daily as things move from one
ecosystem to another
Biotic
Abiotic
migration, seed
dispersal
flood, erosion,
drought
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Biotic Factors
interact with each
other in complex such as
ways
parasitism
mutualism
competition
also interact with
dependent upon
abiotic factors in such as water, minerals,
the ecosystem
temperature,
light
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Levels of Organization within an ecosystem
large
region
all
one
all
smallest
group
interacting
organisms
living
individual
of
unit
and
with
typical
populations
of
similar
living
different
nonliving
of
organs
the
living
thing
same
cellsin
plants
and
an
organized
kind
kinds
working
ecosystem
things
living
of to
in
animals
that
work
interacting
one
together
tissues
together
area
includes
within
workinga
several
certain
together
area
ecosystems
cell
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Niche vs. Habitat
Niche
Habitat
• All the strategies and
adaptations a species
uses in its environment
• How it gets its food,
shelter, how and where
it survives
• Is the place where an
organism lives out its
life
• A lawn, bottom of the
stream, or oak tree
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Symbiotic Relationships
• The living together of two or more organisms
of different species within a close area.
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Types of symbiotic relationships
• Competition – interaction that affects both
species negatively
• Commensalism – one species benefits, the other
is neither helped nor harmed
• Mutualism – both species benefit
• Parasitism- one species benefits, the other is
harmed.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Commensalism – one species
benefits, the other is neither
EXAMPLES
helped
nor
harmed
• Barnacle and the whale
•
•
•
•
Remora and the shark
Silverfish and ants
Hermit crab and snail shell
Cowbird and buffalo
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Examples
Mutualism – both species
• Bee and maribou stork
benefit
• Yucca plant and yucca moth
• Badger and honey guide bird
• Ostrich and gazelle
• Oxpecker and rhino
• Wrasse fish and sea bass
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Parasitism- one species benefits, the
other is harmed.
EXAMPLES
• Mistletoe and spruce
• Cuckoo and warbler
• Mouse and flea
• Deer and tick
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BOOK WORK!
Section 2.1
• Q’s p. 37 Problem solving 1-5
• p. 38 Reading Check Question
• p. 42 Reading check question
• p. 45 Section Assessment Q’s 1-5
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Energy Within the System
• LEQ & WARM UP: How does energy
flow within an ecosystem?
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How do things interact??
Food Chains
Tertiary
Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Trophic
Levels
Primary
Consumer
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Producer
What is a Trophic Level?
• The feeding step in a food
chain in the passage of
energy and materials
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Food Chains – trophic levels
• THE SUN IS THE SOURCE OF
ENERGY!
• Producers- uses the sun to make food
• Consumers- Consumes other living things
for energy; Scavenger- feeds on dead
animals
• Decomposer- mainly bacteria that speed
up the decomposition of everything
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How do things interact??
Food Chains
Tertiary
Consumer
Secondary
Consumer
Trophic
Levels
Primary
Consumer
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Producer
Work with your group to construct
your own food Chain
•
•
•
•
•
What comes first?
What will eat the organisms at the first level?
Which trophic Level comes next?
Which animal would fit best?
Be sure to have your food chain checked! You
can earn a stamp!
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Food Webs and Energy within
the system
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Activity
• Now try making a food web… we are
going to add the arrows to the food web
you started yesterday in class.
• We will now go over what eats what so
that you can draw your lines with
arrows.
• Arrows are drawn from the organism
that is being eaten.
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Food Web- ALL of the individual
food chains in an ecosystem
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What Eats What?
• Rabbits eat seeds, grains, grass, hay
• Squirrels mainly eat nuts from trees, and bird
seed
• Seed eating birds eat seeds
• Caterpillars eat leaves and other plants,
butterflies will eat nectar from flowers
• Mice will eat seeds, grass, hay and sometimes
insects.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
What Eats What?
• Predacious insects eat other insects
• Toads/frogs eat insects, and depending on the
size of the toad, they will go after just about
anything that moves and can fit in their mouth
• Insect eating birds eat insects
• Snakes eat birds, bird eggs, toads, baby
rabbits, mice, rats
• Spiders eat insects and depending on their size,
birds and frogs/toads, fish
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What Eats What?
• Hawks eat meat. They will eat other birds,
mice, small rabbits, snakes, toads, squirrels,
small foxes
• Owls generally eat mice and other small
nocturnal rodents, but on occasion will eat
frogs and snakes.
• Foxes are opportunistic. They will eat just
about anything.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Is your food web finished?
• Stamps will be given for finishing your food
web. On this paper alone, you will have 3
stamps total. (If you completed all the work in
a timely manner yesterday)
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Energy within the system
• Energy flows from trophic level to trophic
level as organisms are being eaten.
• There is more energy at the bottom of the
energy pyramid, because producers receive
most of the sun’s energy.
• There will be more producers than consumers
as you move your way up the food chain/web
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
How does Energy in a System Flow?
.01%
.1%
1%
10% of the
energy moves
on, 90% is used
for metabolic
functions
10%
100%
Energy comes from the
sun
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Why do you think that there
is fewer consumers as you
move up the trophic levels?
• Plants will receive almost 100% of the
sun’s energy and so there will always be
a greater number of producers than
consumers.
• Less energy is passed from level to
level, and so there is fewer consumers
as you move up.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
Complete the three worksheets from
the book.
Then create the foldable on page 46
in the book. Follow the directions,
turn in all completed work.
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX
© 2004 Plano ISD, Plano, TX