Transcript File - JSH BIOLOGY with Ms. Barbanel

UNIT 2: CELLUL AR BIOLOGY
PPT 1:
LESSONS 2.1, 2.2, 2.3
UNIT 2 CELLULAR BIOLOGY
PART 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1 Levels of Organization
2.2 The Characteristics of Life
2.3 Three Domains of Life
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Each level of organization builds on the
level below it but often demonstrates
new features.
Emergent properties: new
properties present at one level that
are not seen in the previous level
3
 Levels of Organization
Molecule
Organelle
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
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ATOM
• The most basic unit of matter
• Subatomic particles
–Nucleus contains protons and neutrons
–Electrons orbit nucleus
• Ex: An oxygen atom
(8 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons)
MOLECULE
• Group of atoms held together by bonds
ORGANELLE
• Structure within cell that perform specific
function
CELL
• The most basic unit of life
• Some organisms are unicellular (bacteria);
others are multicellular (plants, animals,
fungi)
TISSUE
• Group of similar cells that perform a
specific function
ORGAN
• A structure usually composed of several
tissue types that form a functional unit
ORGAN SYSTEM
• Two or more organs working together to
perform a specific function
• Ex: branch with stem, buds, petioles, leaves
• Ex: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines,
ORGANISM
• Individual living thing
• Unicellular or
multicellular
POPULATION
• Members of one
species inhabiting
the same area
–Species:Very
similar,
potentially
interbreeding
organisms
COMMUNITY
• Two or more populations of different species
living and interacting in the same area
ECOSYSTEM
• A community together with its nonliving
surroundings
BIOSPHERE
• The part of
Earth inhabited
by living
organisms
(living and
nonliving
components)
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Cellular Organization
cells
organelles
molecules
atoms
The cell is the
basic unit of life.
17
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Organismal Level
organism
organ systems
organs
tissues
18
LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION
Population Level
ecosystem
community
species
population
19
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
1 cm
Organization of Life
1cm
ATOMS
1 cm
MOLECULES
1 cm
ORGANELLES
1.5 cm
CELLS
2 cm
TISSUES
2 cm
ORGAN
2 cm
ORGAN SYSTEM
2.5 cm
ORGANISM
3 cm
POPULATION
3 cm
COMMUNITY
3.5 cm
ECOSYSTEM
4.5 cm
BIOSPHERE
UNIT 2 CELLULAR BIOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1 Levels of Organization
2.2 The Characteristics of Life
2.3 Three Domains of Life
What is the difference
between Science and
Biology?
Science is the study of the
natural world around us.
Biology is the study of the
living part of that natural
world. Biology is the study
of life.
Why do you need to know
about life?
Because you are alive and
you exist in a living world.
How do you know you are
alive?
Seven Characteristics of Life
A species must have ALL SEVEN to be considered living.
1. Order
All organisms within a species exhibit complex organization
2. Regulation
Maintenance of homeostasis (internal balance)
3. Growth and Development
Pattern of growth and development for each organism
4. Energy utilization
All organisms take in energy and transform it for use
5. Response to the environment
All organisms respond to their environment, external & internal
6. Reproduction
All species can reproduce themselves, and pass on their traits
7. Adapts and Evolves (changes over time)
All species evolve (change over time)
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
1. Displays organization
• Living things also display organization, which
means they are arranged in an orderly way
• EX: Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ Systems
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
2. Regulation - Maintains Homeostasis
• Regulation of an organism’s internal conditions to
maintain life is called homeostasis.
**Homeostasis =
the process of
keeping the
internal
environment
stable/balance/co
nstant
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
3. Grows and Develops
• Growth results in the addition of mass to an organism
and, in many organisms, the formation of new cells and
new structures.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
4. Uses & Requires Energy
• Living things get their energy from food.
• Most plants and some unicellular organisms use light
energy from the Sun to make their own food and fuel
their activities.
• Organisms that cannot make
their own food (like humans!)
get energy by consuming
(eating) other organisms.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
5. Responds to the
Environment & Stimuli
• Anything that is part of the
internal or external
environments and causes some
sort of reaction by the organism
is called a stimulus.
• The reaction to a stimulus is a
response.
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
6. Reproduction
• Make the next generation
• A species is a group of organisms that can and will
breed with one another and produce fertile offspring.
(babies that survive and can have more babies)
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
7. Adapts and Evolves
(Changes Over Time)
• An adaptation is any
inherited characteristic
that results from changes
to a species over time.
• Adaptations are usually in
response to the
environment
TREE OF LIFE
CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE
• Energy is the driving force behind all of the
characteristics of life. Without energy, none of
the characteristics can be carried out.
UNIT 2 CELLULAR BIOLOGY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2.1 Levels of Organization
2.2 The Characteristics of Life
2.3 Three Domains of Life
Unity and Diversity
There is great Diversity of living things.
Example: One Four-Square Mile patch of Rainforest
contains…
1500
400
60 species
species
speciesofof
ofbirds
reptiles
flowering plants
750 species of trees
125 species of mammals
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150 species of butterflies
60 species ofs297.photobucket.com
amphibians
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To make sense of the diverse life forms in the world (or even in a
smaller complicated system like the rainforest) it helps to
organize the organisms.
A three-domain system of classification allows biologists to group
organisms using structure/function and DNA/RNA Sequencing.
The three domains of life on Earth can be divided into two (2)
groups:
Cells without a nucleus
Cells with a nucleus
NO
NUCLEUS
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prokaryote.com
Prokaryotes
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Eukaryotes
The Three Domains:
1. Domain Bacteria
Includes Eubacteria (true bacteria).
Description: Unicellular prokaryotes.
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Bacteria that causes
Strep throat illness.
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The Three Domains:
2. Domain Archaea
Includes Arachaebacteria (ancient bacteria).
Description: Extreme thermophiles and methanogens.
(thermophiles live in very hot places)
(methanogens live in places filed with methane gas)
Have characteristics of both Bacteria and Eukarya.
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www.erdc.usace.army.mil
3. Domain Eukarya
Amoeba
Kingdom Protista (unicellular
and multicellular microorganisms)
Paramecia
Kingdom Fungi (multicellular
mushrooms, molds, mildews)
Kingdom Plantae (all plants)
Kingdom Animalia (all animals)
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Mushroom
Bread mold
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Venus Fly Trapwww.pdphoto.org
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THE THREE DOMAINS
CLASSIFICATION OF HUMANS
Classification: Homo sapiens
• Domain: Eukarya
• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Mammalia
• Order: Primates
• Family: Hominidae
• Genus: Homo
• Species: sapiens