Transcript 挪威自然多样性法案——主要目标和原则

The Norwegian Nature Diversity Act The main objectives and principles
挪威自然多样性法案——主要目标和原则
An Introduction to Norway's Nature Diversity Act and its policy
instruments
Mr. Torbjørn Lange
托比约恩·兰格
Deputy
Director
Torbjørn
Lange General 副司长
The Norwegian Ministry of
Environment 挪威环境部
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
Foto: Statens Vegvesen
Threats to biological diversity
生物多样性面临的威胁
Land use 土地利用
Pollution 污染
Photo: Vegdirektoratet
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
Climate change
气候变化
Photo: Svetek
Alien species 外来物种
Photo: Tone Solhaug
Over harvesting
过度采集、捕捞
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
The Nature Diversity Act
自然多样性法案
An Act consisting of 10 chapters and 77 sections 法案包括10章77节
Chapter I
Purpose and scope 第一章 目的和范围
Chapter II
General provisions on sustainable
use第二章 可持续利用基本条款
Chapter III
Species management第三章 物种管理
Chapter IV
Alien organisms第四章 外来生物
Chapter V
Protected areas 第五章 保护地
Chapter VI
Selected habitat types第六章 选定的栖
息地类型
Chapter VII
Access to genetic material第七章 遗传
物质的获取
Chapter VIII
Competent authority
under the Act, supervision, etc第八章 法案规定的
管理机构，监察等
Chapter IX
Enforcement and sanctions第九章 执行
与制裁
Chapter X
Final provisions第十章 最后条款
The main parts of the Act
法案的主要部分
Protected areas, priority species –
Nature Diversity Act 保护地，优先物种—
—自然多样性法案
Selected habitat types, principles for
species management, areas with
specific ecological functions and
alien organisms – Nature Diversity
Act, Planning and Building Act and
other acts选定的栖息地类型，物种管理
的原则，具有特定生态功能的地区和外来
生物——自然多样性法案，规划与建设法
案与其他法案
General provisions and
principles – Nature
Diversity Act, Planning
and Building Act and
other acts基本条款和原则—
—自然多样性法案，规划与建
设法案与其他法案
Source: Ministry of the Environment
The purpose of the Act
法案的目的
Intrinsic value 内在价值
Experience and recreation value 经验
与娱乐价值
Biodiversity is a very important
resource 生物多样性是一项非常重要的资
源
Photo: Leif J. Olestad, NSB
Management objectives
管理目标
To maintain the
diversity of habitat
types within their
natural range 在自然分
布范围内维持栖息地类型的
多样性
To maintain species and
their genetic diversity
for the long term and to
ensure that species
occur in viable
populations in their
natural range 长远维持
物种及其遗传资源多样性，
保证物种在其自然分布范围
内保有维持物种繁衍所需的
种群数量
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
Foto: Jon Bekken
Foto: Kin Abel
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
Key principles for sustainable use (1)
Ecosystem approach and cumulative environmental
effects
可持续利用的关键原则（1）生态系统方法和累积环境影响
Any pressure on an ecosystem shall
be assessed on the basis of the
cumulative environmental effects on
the ecosystem now or in the future
任何带给生态系统的压力都将以目前或今后
对生态系统的累积环境影响为基础进行评估
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
Key principles for sustainable use (2)
User-pays principle
可持续利用的关键原则（2）使用者付费原则
Persons responsible for pressure
on the environment shall pay to
prevent or reduce damage 给环境
带来压力的人应该付费防止或减少损害
Photo: Kristin Thorsrud Teien
Key principles for sustainable use (3)
The precautionary principle
可持续利用的关键原则（3）预防原则
When a decision is made in absence
of adequate information, the aim
shall be to avoid significant damage
to diversity 如果在决策时缺少恰当的信
息，那么目标应该是避免给生物多样性造
成重大损害
Photo: Jan Rabben/NN/Samfoto
Key principles for sustainable use (4)
Knowledge based management
可持续利用的关键原则（4）以知识为基础的管理
One of the basic fundaments of the Act 法案
的一项基础原则
Decisions shall be based on:
决策应建立在以下基础上：
• Scientific knowledge 科学知识
• Knowledge based on experience 由经验所得
的知识
Photo: Morten Ekker
Priority species
优先物种
Modernization - species and their habitats in
context 现代化——大背景中的物种及其栖息地
Establish functional ecological areas for species 建
立物种生态功能区
Dynamic: 动力
Active measures 积极的措施
Ecological areas are not static 生态区不是静止的
Abolish priority 取消优先权
Cucujus cinnaberinus
Photo: Stefan Olberg
Selected habitat types
选定的栖息地类型
Common rules for the management of biodiversity
outside the protected areas 管理保护地以外生物多样性的一
般原则
The authorities shall take special account of areas of
selected habitat types 政府部门应该特别考虑选定的栖息地类
型
Increases predictability and responsibility 增强预见性和责
任感
Hay meadow
Photo: Asbjørn Børset
Genetic material
遗传物质
Access to Norwegian genetic resources 获取挪威
的遗传物质
Benefit sharing 惠益分享
Genetic material from other countries 来自其他
国家的遗传物质
Fungus
(Tolypocladium
inflatum) basis for
Cyclosporin A.
Found on
Hardangervidda in
Norway 在挪威哈
当厄尔高原发现的
丝状真菌
（Tolypocladium
inflatum）是环孢
菌素A的基础
Alien organisms
外来生物
Regulations for import and release 有关进口
和释放的法规
Regulations for combating established alien
organisms 防治已有外来生物的法规
Photo: Marianne Gjørv
Protected areas 保护地
Nearly 16% of the Norwegian mainland is
protected 将近16%的挪威领土受到保护
An increased focus on management and
maintenance of protected areas 对保护地
管理与维护的关注增加
Strategic management plans 战略管理
计划
Operational management plans 执行管
理计划
Increased funding 融资增加
Photo: Torkjell Morset
Summing up – back to the pyramid
总结——回到金字塔
Protected areas, priority species –
Nature Diversity Act 保护地，优先物种—
—自然多样性法案
Selected habitat types, principles for
species management, areas with
specific ecological functions and
alien organisms – Nature Diversity
Act, Planning and Building Act and
other acts选定的栖息地类型，物种管理
的原则，具有特定生态功能的地区和外来
生物——自然多样性法案，规划与建设法
案与其他法案
General provisions and
principles – Nature
Diversity Act, Planning
and Building Act and
other acts基本条款和原则—
—自然多样性法案，规划与建
设法案与其他法案
Source: Ministry of the Environment
Thank you for your attention!
非常感谢！
Photo: Samfoto