Transcript Virtual Animal Kingdom

Introduction
 Organisms that belong to kingdom animalia
are the most divers in form. They live in
almost all parts of the earth. Just like other
living things, animals need foods and
habitat in order for them to survive.
The Different
Habitat
LAND
WATER
AIR
Examples of
Animals that
living in the
WATER
fish
Crocodile
Examples of
Animals that living
in the AIR
Hawk
Black
crows
Bald
Eagle
Examples of animals
that living in the
LAND
Monkey
Elephant
Tiger
Reflection
 Animal species are the foundation of healthy
ecosystem. We human depend on ecosystem, when
species became endangered, it is an indicator that the
health of these vital ecosystem is beginning to unravel.
 The animals of the world exist for their own reasons.
They were not made for humans any more than black
for white, or woman created for man.
References
 En.wikipedia.org/wiki/habitat
 Resources.edb.gov.hk
 www.canisius.edu
 Animals.about.com
 Simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/habitat
 Frogs are a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied,
tailless amphibians composing the order Anural (Ancient Greek an-, without
+ oura, tail). The oldest fossil "proto-frog" appeared in the early Triassic of
Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend
further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago. Frogs are widely
distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest
concentration of species diversity is found in tropical rainforests. There are
approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant
amphibian species. They are also one of the five most
diverse vertebrate orders.
 The body plan of an adult frog is generally characterized by a stout body,
protruding eyes, cleft tongue, limbs folded underneath and the absence of
a tail. Besides living in fresh water and on dry land, the adults of some species
are adapted for living underground or in trees. The skin of the frog
is glandular, with secretions ranging from distasteful to toxic. Warty species
of frog tend to be called toads. Frog warts are elevations in the skin
where glandular toxins tend to concentrate. The distinction between frogs
and toads is based on informal naming conventions concentrating on the
warts rather than taxonomy or evolutionary history; some toads are more
closely related to frogs than other toads. Frogs' skins vary in color from wellcamouflaged dappled brown, grey and green to vivid patterns of bright red or
yellow and black to advertise toxicity and warn off predators.
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 Frogs typically lay their eggs in water. The eggs hatch into aquatic larvae,
called tadpoles, that have tails and internal gills. They have highly
specialized rasping mouth parts suitable
for herbivorous, omnivorous or planktivorous diets. The life cycle is
completed when they metamorphose into adults. A few species deposit
eggs on land or bypass the tadpole stage. Adult frogs generally have a
carnivorous diet consisting of small invertebrates, but omnivorous
species exist and a few feed on fruit. Frogs are extremely efficient at
converting what they eat into body mass, which makes them an
important food source for predators. Frogs are a keystone group in
the food web dynamics of many of the world's ecosystems. The skin
is semi-permeable, making them susceptible to dehydration, so they
either live in moist places or have special adaptations to deal with dry
habitats. Frogs produce a wide range of vocalizations, particularly in
their breeding season, and exhibit many different kinds of complex
behaviors to attract mates, to fend off predators and to generally survive.
 Frog populations have declined significantly since the 1950s. More than
one third of species are considered to be threatened with extinction and
over one hundred and twenty are believed to have become extinct since
the 1980s. The number of malformations among frogs is on the rise and
an emerging fungal disease,chytridiomycosis, has spread around the
world. Conservation biologists are working to understand the causes of
these problems and to resolve them. Frogs are valued as food by humans
and also have many cultural roles in literature, symbolism and religion.
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
2. To "cry crocodile tears" is a common expression which is used
for depicting fake sadness. It has its origins in the myth
according to which reptiles weep while eating humans. But,
believe it or not, crocodiles really do wipe while feasting, but
rather due to physiological reasons than remorse. Their eyes can
froth and bubble during the feeding. Air pushed through the
sinuses could mix with tears in the animal's lacrimal (tear)
glands and the whole content could be emptied into the eye;
resulting the "fake" remorse.
3. Crocodile skin is considered one of the finest and best, being
soft and durable. In many tribal societies, skin crocodile is used
as a symbol of high status. But only the skin on the belly has
these qualities; the back skin is covered in bones (called
osteoderms) that reflects arrows, spears and even bullets!
A crocodile skin purse can cost $ 15,000. The value of the
crocodile
 skin has been fueling an intense poaching and today many of the
23 species of crocodiles and relatives are threatened, many
populations being wiped out. The salvation of the crocodiles
could come from the crocodile farms.
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 The term fish is used to refer to any aquatic vertebrate
that has a skin covered with scales, two sets of paired
fins, some unpaired fins, and a set of gills. Fish do not
represent a single clade but are instead paraphyletic.
They include hagfishes, lampreys, lobe-finned fishes,
cartilaginous fishes and ray-finned fishes. Most fish
are cold-blooded animals that have a streamlined body
that is adapted for efficient movement in water. There
are exceptions to both of these rules though. Tuna,
swordfish and a few shark species are warm-blooded,
not cold-blooded. Rays are flat-bodied fish that not
streamlined. They move through the water at a slower
pace by undulating their broad pectoral fins.
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 A monkey is a primate of the Haplorrhini suborder
and simian infraorder, either an Old World monkey or a New
World monkey, but excluding apes and humans. There are about
260 known living species of monkey. Many are arboreal,
although there are species that live primarily on the ground, such
as baboons. Monkeys are generally considered to be intelligent.
Unlike apes, monkeys usually have tails. Tailless monkeys may be
called "apes", incorrectly according to modern usage; thus the
tailless Barbary macaque is called the "Barbary ape".
 The New World monkeys (superfamily Ceboidea) are classified
within the parvorder of Platyrrhini, whereas the Old World
monkeys (superfamily Cercopithecoidea) form part of the
parvorder Catarrhini, which also includes the hominoids (apes,
including humans). Thus, as Old World monkeys are more closely
related to hominoids than they are to New World monkeys, the
monkeys are not a unitary (monophyletic) group.
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Elephants are large mammals of the family Elephantidae and the order Proboscidea. Traditionally, two
species are recognized, the African elephant(Loxodonta africana) and the Asian elephant (Elephas maximus),
although some evidence suggests that African bush elephants and African forest elephants are separate
species (L. africana and L. cyclotis respectively). Elephants are scattered throughout sub-Saharan Africa,
and South and Southeast Asia. They are the only surviving proboscideans; extinct species
include mammoths and mastodons. The largest living terrestrial animals, male African elephants can reach a
height of 4 m (13 ft) and weigh 7,000 kg (15,000 lb). These animals have several distinctive features, including
a long proboscis or trunk used for many purposes, particularly for grasping objects. Their incisors grow into
tusks, which serve as tools for moving objects and digging and as weapons for fighting. The elephant's large
ear flaps help to control the temperature of its body. African elephants have larger ears and concave backs
while Asian elephants have smaller ears and convex or level backs.
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Elephants are herbivorous and can be found in different habitats including savannahs, forests, deserts
and marshes. They prefer to stay near water. They are considered to be keystone species due to their impact
on their environments. Other animals tend to keep their distance, and predators such as lions,
tigers, hyenas and wild dogs usually target only the young elephants (or "calves"). Females ("cows") tend to
live in family groups, which can consist of one female with her calves or several related females with offspring.
The groups are led by an individual known as the matriarch, often the oldest cow. Elephants have a fissionfusion society in which multiple family groups come together to socialize. Males ("bulls") leave their family
groups when they reach puberty, and may live alone or with other males. Adult bulls mostly interact with family
groups when looking for a mate and enter a state of increased testosterone and aggression known as must,
which helps them gain dominance and reproductive success. Calves are the centre of attention in their family
groups and rely on their mothers for as long as three years. Elephants can live up to 70 years in the wild. They
communicate by touch, sight, smell and sound; elephants use infrasound, and seismic communication over
long distances. Elephant intelligence has been compared with that of primates and cetaceans. They appear to
have self-awareness and show empathy for dying or dead individuals of their kind.
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African elephants are listed as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), while
the Asian elephant is classed as endangered. One of the biggest threats to elephant populations .is the ivory
trade, as the animals are poached for their ivory tusks. Other threats to wild elephants include habitat
destruction and conflicts with local people. Elephants are used as working animals in Asia. In the past they
were used in war; today, they are often put on display in zoos and circuses. Elephants are highly recognizable
and have been featured in art, folklore, religion, literature and popular culture.
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 The Tiger has a long body, a short neck, and a firm
head with a short muzzle that contains a set of sharp
teeth. Tigers have stout legs that end in broad paws. A
well fed tiger is bulky, broad in the shoulders, back,
and loins. Males are generally longer and heavier than
females. The average length for males is about 6 feet
long and with a tail length of 3 feet long. Females are
usually 6 to 12 inches shorter in body length.
 A tiger's fur color varies from orange-red to tawny
yellow, with a lot of black stripes that have different
lengths and widths. The cheeks, throat, and the
insides of the ears and legs are white. The back of the
ear is black with a white spot in the center.
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 Hawk is a common name for some birds of prey, widely distributed
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and varying greatly in size.
In Australia and Africa hawks include some of the species in
the subfamily Accipitrinae, which comprises
the genera Accipiter, Micronisus, Melierax, Urotriorchis
and Megatriorchis. The large and widespread Accipiter genus
includes goshawks ,sparrow hawks, the Sharp-shinned Hawk and
others. These are mainly woodland birds with long tails and high visual
acuity, hunting by sudden dashes from a concealed perch.
In the Americas (and other areas) the term includes small to mediumsized members of the Accipitridae—the family which includes the
"true hawks" as well as eagles,kites, harriers and buzzards.
Owls are members of the order Strigiformes and are not hawks.
Immature Northern Goshawk with fresh kill
Hawk sighted in Toronto in front of theFields Institute.
The common names of some birds include the term "hawk", reflecting
traditional usage rather than taxonomy, such as referring to
an Osprey as a "fish hawk" or the Buteospecies B. jamaicensis as a Redtailed Hawk.
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 Crows (/kroʊ/) are members of a widely distributed genus of
birds, Corvus, in the family Corvidae. Ranging in size from the
relatively small pigeon-size jackdaws(Eurasian and Daurian) to
the Common Raven of the Holarctic region and Thick-billed Raven of
the highlands of Ethiopia, the 40 or so members of this genus occur on
all temperate continents except for South America, and several islands.
In Europe the word "crow" is used to refer to the Carrion Crow or
the Hooded Crow, while in North America it is used for the American
Crow or the Northwestern Crow.
 The crow genus makes up a third of the species in the Corvidae family.
Crows appear to have evolved in Asia from the corvid stock, which had
evolved in Australia. The collective name for a group of crows is
a flock or a murder.[1]
 Recent research has found some crow species capable of not only tool
use but also tool construction[2] and meta-tool use. Crows are now
considered to be among the world's most intelligent animals[3] with
an encephalization quotient approaching that of some apes.
The Jackdaw and the European Magpie have been found to have
a nidopallium approximately the same relative size as the functionally
equivalent neocortex in chimpanzees and humans, and significantly
larger than is found in the.
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 The Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus; hali = sea, aeetus = eagle,leuco =
white, cephalis = head) is a bird of prey found in North America. A sea eagle, it
has two known sub-species and forms a species pair with the White-tailed
Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla). Its range includes most of Canada and Alaska, all of
the contiguous United States, and northern Mexico. It is found near large
bodies of open water with an abundant food supply and old-growth trees for
nesting.
 The Bald Eagle is an opportunistic feeder which subsists mainly on fish, which
it swoops down and snatches from the water with its talons. It builds the
largest nest of any North American bird and the largest tree nests ever recorded
for any animal species, up to 4 m (13 ft) deep, 2.5 m (8.2 ft) wide, and 1 metric
ton (1.1 short tons) in weight. Sexual maturity is attained at the age of four to
five years.
 Bald Eagles are not actually bald; the name derives from an older meaning of
"white headed". The adult is mainly brown with a white head and tail. The
sexes are identical in plumage, but females are larger than males. The beak is
large and hooked. The plumage of the immature is brown.
 The Bald Eagle is both the national bird and national animal of the United
States of America. The Bald Eagle appears on its Seal. In the late 20th century it
was on the brink of extirpation in the continental United States. Populations
recovered and the species was removed from the U.S. federal government's list
of endangered species on July 12, 1995 and transferred to the list of threatened
species. It was removed from the List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
in the Lower 48 States on June 28, 2007.
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