Transcript Chapter 10 Notes

Food For Life
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Nutrition: branch of science that studies food
and how the body uses it
◦ Nutrition is important for normal growth in the
body
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Malnutrition: nutrients missing from diet
and/or too many or too few nutrients
◦ Malnutrition often occurs in people who have high
levels of sickness and disability
◦ May die or suffer from brain damage
1. Carbohydrates: starches and sugars which
supply energy ex. pasta, bread etc.
2. Proteins: build tissue, regulate chemical
activity and provide energy, ex. meat, eggs etc.
3. Fats: provide energy, act as insulation,
absorb fat soluble vitamins, component of
nerve and brain cells, enable cells to function
ex. butter, oil
4. Vitamins: help carry out growth and
reproduction ex. A, B, C, D, K
5. Minerals: structural component of body
tissues ex. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium,
iron, iodine
6. Water: aides in removing waste, moves
nutrients, controls body temperature
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Diet: amount and type of food you eat each
day
Mixed diet: a diet that contains a variety of
foods
Diet guidelines: variety; eat whole grain
cereal, bread, fruit, veggies, low fat diary,
lean meat, little fat; limit salt, sugar, be
physically active
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Fad diet: diet craze ex. Cabbage diet,
grapefruit diet, Atkins diet, Juice/Shake diet
Usually limits one or more of the food groups
Vegetarian: someone who does not eat
animal products
Bulking up: Consuming too much protein
causes dehydration because it takes extra
water to eliminate the excess protein from
the body
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Preparation Directions
Nutritional Information
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Mechanical: teeth chew food and stomach
churns food together
Chemical: enzymes break food down using
enzymes ex. Cheeseburger into carbs,
proteins, fats etc.
Absorption: transporting digested products
(carbs, proteins tec.) into the blood and then
to cells
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Teeth: chew food, saliva helps to break down
carbs
Stomach: mixes food with gastric juices to
forn a pasty fluid called chyme, occurs in an
acidic environment, enzymes break down
protein
Small Intestine: digestion is completed and
absorption into blood occurs
Enzymes break carbs into simple sugars
(glucose)
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Enzymes split proteins into amino acids
Bile breaks down fat particles which are then
digested by enzymes
Large intestine: transfers water, minerals,
vitamins into the blood and stores waste in
the form of feces (excreted by the anus)
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Your body depends on you to fuel it with a
good balance of nutrients at regular intervals
Choosing too many fats causes several
problems:
◦ Your body has to work harder to digest fats
◦ High fat diets cause fatigue and lack of energy
◦ Cholesterol from fatty foods blocks arteries