Transcript What surrounds and affects Human Being or

Environmental Issues of
Puducherry UT
Commissioned by:
Civil Society’s
Perspective
People’s
Coalition for Green
Tamil Nadu
& Puducherry
Compiled and Presented By:
Nambi Ganesan, Development Consultant
President, MASS, Voice: +91 95971 88936
Email: [email protected]
Environment:
• What surrounds and affects
Human Being or Plant or
Animal or any
other Biota
• A vehicle for
analyzing and
describing
relationships between people
and surroundings
Core Environment Group: CEG Puducherry
Public Affairs Centre – PAC
HOPE - Coordinator
MASS, PSF, PondyCAN!, Anbalayam,
Karunalayam, People’s Pulse, Poovulagin
Nanbargal, Sembadugai Nanneeragam
Objectives of the Study on Environmental
Issues of Puducherry UT:
• To identify environmental issues
• To search and obtain, collect data
• To collect qualitative evidence
• To prepare status paper
Methodology:
•Collection of General information
•Presentation and analysis of the general information
during the meeting of the NGOs/ CBOs
•Assessment of the Issues identified
•Suggestions of mitigation measures
•Facilitation of preparation of the Environmental Plan
for the UT by the Government Authorities
•Evolving an Environmental Monitoring Plan
•A list of References of resources
Criteria for identifying Environmental Issues:
•Specific to the region.
•Immediacy/urgency of the issues.
•Poorly or not addressed by ongoing environmental
efforts
•Most appropriate for immediate attention
•Based on the seriousness of the impact/s on people,
their livelihoods and their environment
Puducherry UT Topography:
State/ District
Persons
Male
1,244,464
610,485
633,979
Puducherry District
946,600
466,143
480,457
Karaikal District
200,314
97,796
102,518
Mahe district
41,934
19,269
22,665
Yanam district
55,616
27,277
28,339
Puducherry UT
S. #
Total Population – 2011 census
Region
Area
(Sq.
Kms)
1
Puducherry
293
2
Karaikal
161
3
Mahe
09
4
Yanam
30
Borders
State
Sea
Tamil
Nadu
Tamil
Nadu
Kerala
Bay of
Bengal
Bay of
Bengal
Arabic
Sea
Bay of
Bengal
Andhra
Pradesh
Female
River
Coast
line
(Kms)
Altitude
Mts
(MSL)
Sankarabarani,
Penniyar
Arasalar,
Thirumalairayan
Mahe
23.25
+ 8.85
17.4
MSL
2.47
2.5
Gouthamy
Godavari
Nil
MSL
Population Growth:
Census of India – 2011
Population Totals – Puducherry Union Territory, India
State/ District
Total/
Rural/
Urban
Total Population
Persons
Puducherry UT
Decadal Density
Growth
2001-11
Male
Female
Total
1,244,464
610,485
633,979
27.72
Rural
394,341
194,388
199,953
21.07
Urban
850,123
416,097
434,026
31.07
Natural Hazards:
S.#
Details
1
Villages devastated
2
Puducherry
Karaikal
16
17
Population affected (in
Lakhs)
0.26
0.17
3
Loss of Life
107
486
4
Loss of Houses
3901
6160
5
Crops (in Hectares)
80
712
Cyclones, Depressions,
Flood, Tsunamis
3,231
Coastal Erosion:
• 7 Kms of coastline eroded in 17 years
• 12% of the coastline is under threat of sea
erosion due to the break waters at the Port
Development of Ports:
• The hazardous waste will kill the depleted
marine flora and fauna
• Livelihoods of fishing and farming
community will be devastated
• Chemicals, Coal etc will bring in health
problems
Urbanization:
• Increasing Urbanization with Real Estate boom has
resulted in loss of livelihoods for the farmers
• Planned Cities become non planned cities without
proper facilities
Urban Sanitation:
• Lack of proper drainage and improper liquid and
solid waste management
• Risk of infection/ outbreak of vector borne diseases
Immigration:
• Industries attract rural and other states migrant
labour
• Fast growth in industries, trade and tourism results
in high level of immigration and floating population
Urban Density:
• Urban agglomeration increased from 4/sq.km in
1961 to 85/sq.km in 2001
• Urban growth rate increased from 16.19% to 40.88%
• Irrigated area decreased from 38891 to 33525 ha
• Rural Population decreased from 79.98 to 34.01%
• Urban housing, sanitation becomes major problem
• Depletion of Ground Water Table due to over
exploitation and pollution
Roads and Vehicles:
• Vehicle density is around 259.1/sq. km
• Air quality levels are deteriorating
Urban Housing:
• In 2020, 100000 housing units may be needed
• Shortage of available land for housing
Urban Slums:
• 244 slums are occupying banks of canals, sewages,
railway tracks for 25000 families
Waste Management:
• 1061 TPD is being generated in Puducherry UT
• Bio medical and Hazardous wastes are dumped with
Solid Waste
• No scientific waste management – segregation at
source, collection, recycle, reuse etc
• Waste becomes breeding ground for vectors
• Sewage canals, water bodies littered with waste
resulting in inundation and flood
Air Pollution:
• The emissions from households, industries, vehicles
etc resulted in Dense Pollution Haze at 1 to 3 kms
Industrialization::
• 7553 Industries with 7 Industrial Estates
• 88 Hazardous Waste generating Industries
• 34768 TPA hazardous waste is generated by 36
industries
• 74104 TPA of Bio medical waste generated is
dumped with Solid Waste
• No Common Effluent Treatment Facility
• Common Facility for Bio medical waste yet to be
developed
Changes in Land and Land Holding Pattern:
• Land degradation due to salinization, alkalization,
laterization and inundation
• Red Earth and Sand mining are affecting the ground
water recharge
• Net cultivable area declined from 32266 (76-77) to
21570 (2002-03)
• Non Agricultural land use increased by 43.44%
Water Resources:
• Puducherry UT has no Water Policy still dates
• Water resources are undervalued and overused
• Water Pollution due to Urbanization &
Industrialization is on the increase.
•Annual utilizable water runoff is around 49.5 MCM
which can be stored in the 84 tanks.
• Rain water harvesting policy in vogue
• Tanks and Ponds get filled in for housing
• Non Protection of wetlands leads to sea water
intrusion
Water Management Problems:
• Ground water depletion at 15 to 30 meters
• Lower recharge due to reduction in vegetation cover
• Unsustainable extraction of water
• To ensure greater storage for recharge or decreasing
the extraction
Sea Water Intrusion:
• Ground water has become Saline in 20 villages
• Shallow aquifers are showing signs of salinity
• Salt water has intruded to a distance of 7km from
the coast
Industrial Pollution:
• Ground water near industries are contaminated with
heavy metals, salts and fluoride
• Bore well water near Industrial Estates become unfit
for human consumption
Sewage Pollution:
• Heavy flow of sewage has transformed an irrigation
canal into a sewage canal
• 30% of the Municipal areas do not have proper
drainage system
Water Pricing:
• Domestic, Commercial, Institutional water charges
are very low at 0.5, 1.5 per cubic meter respectively
Bio Diversity:
• Puducherry. Karaikal regions have no forest cover
but wooded areas only
• Small mammals, reptiles, birds and amphibians are
found in the wooded areas
• Wetlands, Marshy areas, Backwaters, Tanks, Ponds
attract native and migratory birds
• Endangered Olive Turtle breed along the sea shore
Mangrove Forest:
• Mangroves, the basis of complex food chain,
protector against Tsunamis, erosion etc has depleted
considerably in the last 20 years
• Encroachments of backwater bunds and cutting of
mangroves by the locals
A SINGLE GOAL TO
JOIN TOGETHER
“Preserve and
Protect the
Environment”
Thank
You
Nambi Ganesan
MASS
# 26 D, Sree Nivas Gardens, Kakyanthope,
Puducherry – 605 007.
Voice: +91 95971 88936
[email protected]