Transcript Sustainable Strategies - Geog

Sustainable
Strategies
IB SL
Urban Ecological Footprint
• According to the Global Development Research
Centre, the urban ecological footprint is the land
area required to sustain a population of any size.
• All the resources which people use for daily needs,
such as food, water, and electricity, must be
produced using raw resources.
• The urban ecological footprint measures the
amount of arable land and aquatic resources that
are needed to continuously sustain a population,
based on its consumption levels at a given point in
time.
Measuring The Footprint
• To the fullest extent possible, this
measurement incorporates water and energy
use, uses of land for infrastructure and
different forms of agriculture, forests and all
other forms of energy and material “inputs”
that people require in their day-to-day lives.
• It also accounts for the land area required for
waste assimilation.
Tokyo’s Ecological Footprint
• According to the Earth Council, a biologically
productive area of 1.7 hectares is available per
capita for basic existence.
• This means that for sustainable living, the
people in Tokyo alone need an area of 45,000
hectares which is 1.2 times the land area of
the whole of Japan.
• If mountains and other regions are discarded
and only habitable land included, then this
becomes 3.6 times the land area of Japan.
Tokyo City
• Here land is used several times at several levels.
• The difference between very high-density cities and
extended cities would be 3 or 4 times greater.
• Compact cities such as Tokyo have a large
population living in a very small and dense area of
land, freeing land area for other purposes.
• They also require reduced amounts of infrastructure
and resources – it is easier to provide services,
utilities and infrastructure to a population
concentrated in a small area than is the case when
people are spread over a large area.
Sustainable Housing
• There are many problems with much of the
housing in Mexico City.
• Many lack access to water, adequate
sanitation, a reliable and safe water supply,
adequate roofs, solid foundations, secure
tenure, i.e. The residents are at risk of
eviction.
Possible Solutions
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Government support for low-income, self-built housing.
Subsidies for home building.
Flexible loans to help shanty-town dwellers.
Slum upgrading in central areas.
Improved private and public rental housing.
Support for the informal sector/small businesses
operating at home.
• Site and service schemes.
• Encouragement of community schemes.
• Construction of health and educational schemes.
Control Of In-Migration
• There have been many attempts to reduce the
importance of very large cities, such as
London, Rio de Janeiro, and Seoul.
• Developers have attempted to build new
towns and new capital cities to deflect growth
away from the main cities.
• At the wealthier end of the scale are new
towns and cities such as Brasilia, Canberra
and, in Korea, Gongju-Yongi.
New Cities In Korea And Malaysia
• Originally, Gongju-Yongi was planned to replace Seoul
as Korea’s capital by 2020.
• It is a US$54 billion scheme.
• Construction began in 2007.
• Seoul will remain as the capital, but government
offices will relocate to Gongju-Yongji.
• The new development is still necessary to ease chronic
overcrowding, to aid redistribution of the state’s
wealth and to reduce the danger of a military attack
from North Korea.
Other Schemes
• The Malaysian new town of Putrajaya.
• This is a totally new city situated 25km to the south
of koala lumpur.
• Covering an area of 4931 hectares, Putrajaya was
established in 1995.
• Putrajaya is a planned city, built according to a
series of comprehensive policies and guidelines for
land-use, transportation system, utilities,
infrastructure, housing, public amenities,
information technology, parks, and gardens.
Putrajaya Corporation Mission
• To provide an efficient and effective
administration.
• To provide quality services to ensure customer
satisfaction.
• To provide infrastructure and amenities
conductive to creating an ideal environment
for living and working.
Putrajaya Functions
• A local government in the Putrajaya area.
• To promote, stimulate, facilitate, and
undertake commercial, infrastructure, and
residential development in the area.
• To promote, stimulate, and undertake
economic and social development in the area.
• To control and coordinate the performance of
the above activities in the area.
Activity
Using Essential AS Geography P301-304, answer
the following…
1. Describe how the economic fortunes of Glasgow
have fluctuated over the last 100 years.
2. Identify some of the social and environmental
problems resulting from economic decline.
3. Describe the aims of the Glasgow Eastern Area
Renewal Project (GEAR).
4. How successful is the project?