Transcript Geography - St. Ursula School

Geography
Chapter 1
The World of Geography
Five Themes of Geography
• I. Location
–A. Definition - a place’s position
• 1. Absolute location - a place’s
exact position on the Earth; a
geographic address
–The continent of Australia is located
at 20 S, 140 E
Five Themes of Geography
• 2. Relative Location – a
place’s position in relation to
other places; where a place is
by describing places near it.
– Ocean City is 150 miles
southeast of Baltimore.
Five Themes of Geography
• II. Place
–A. Definition – a location’s physical
and human features
• 1. Climate – What are the weather
patterns?
–Antarctica is extremely cold and icy
while the Amazon rainforest is hot
and rainy.
Five Themes of Geography
• 2. Landforms – How would
you describe the land of a
particular place?
–The western part of the U.S. is
more mountainous than the
eastern part.
Five Themes of Geography
• 3. People – How would you
describe the population of a
particular place?
–More people make their living
by fishing along coastal
lowlands than in the interior
plains.
Five Themes of Geography
• III. Human – Environment Interaction
– A. Definition – the way in which people
affect their environment (the physical
characteristics of their natural
surroundings) and how their
environment affects them.
• Farms in Turkey – little rain – use
irrigation which creates salt that builds
up.
Five Themes of Geography
• IV. Movement
– A. Definition – the way in which people,
goods, and ideas get from one place to
another.
• 1. American colonists – looking for
religious freedom
• 2. Immigration to U.S. – brings new
traditions, ideas, food, and
celebrations.
Five Themes of Geography
• V. Regions
– A. Definition – an area that has a
unifying characteristic such as climate,
land, population, or history
• 1. Nile Valley region – region along Nile
River – runs through several countries.
• 2. Plains Region of U.S. – united by flat
land – covers several states – not whole
country
The Geographer’s Tools
• I. Globe
–A. Shows the continents and
oceans as they really are.
–B. Presents information accurately
–C. Hard to transport
–D. Not complete enough to show
details of a small area i.e. states or
towns
The Geographer’s Tools
• II. Flat
Maps
–A. Can be carried easily
–B. Are good for showing detail in
large and small areas
–C. Doesn’t have as much
accuracy for large areas.
The Geographer’s Tools
• III Mercator Projection
(conformal map)
–A. Created to help sailors
navigate
–B. Shapes of landmasses
and ocean areas similar to
shapes on a globe
The Geographer’s Tools
–C. Stretched space between
lines of longitude
• 1. Distorted some land sizes
• 2. Size of land near the
Equator is right
• 3. Size of land near poles is
larger than it should be
• 4. Map on page 16
The Geographer’s Tools
• IV Interrupted Projection
–A. Similar to ripped peal of an
orange
–B. Shows real sizes and shapes of
land
–C. Gaps in the map make it difficult
to figure distances
–D. Map on page 17
The Geographer’s Tools
• V. Robinson Project
–A. Considered the world’s best map
–B. Accurate sizes and shapes of
land
–C. Accurate sizes of oceans and
distances
–D. Still has some distortion
–E. Map on page 17
The Geographer’s Tools
• VI. Parts of a Map
–Compass rose to tell directions
–Scales to set distances
–Keys to explain symbols
–Grids to locate places