Transcript IEEE 802 Working Group

Redes Inalámbricas – Tema 2.D
WiMax and other technologies
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Máster de Ingeniería de Computadores 2008/2009
2
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
IEEE 802 Active Working Groups and Study Groups
 802.1 Higher Layer LAN Protocols Working Group
 Link Security Executive Committee Study Group is now part of 802.1
 802.3 Ethernet Working Group
 802.11 Wireless LAN Working Group
 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) Working Group
 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access Working Group
 802.17 Resilient Packet Ring Working Group
 802.18 Radio Regulatory TAG
 802.19 Coexistence TAG
 802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Working Group
 802.21 Media Independent Handoff Working Group
 802.22 Wireless Regional Area Networks
3
MIC 2008/2009
IEEE Standards
RAN
IEEE 802.22
40 km
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
“Regional Area
Network”
54 - 862 MHz
4
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPAN
 IEEE Std 802.15.1™-2002 - 1Mb/s WPAN/Bluetooth v1.x derivative
work
 802.15.2™- Recommended Practice for Coexistence in Unlicensed
Bands
 802.15.3™ - 20+ Mb/s High Rate WPAN for Multimedia and Digital
Imaging
 802.15.3a™ - 110+ Mb/s Higher Rate Alternative PHY for 802.15.3
 802.15.4™ - 200 kb/s max for interactive toys, sensor and automation
needs  ZigBee
5
MIC 2008/2009
IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview
 802.16:
 the original standard, published in April 2002
 defines a MAC layer and several physical layer specifications.
The MAC supports frequency-division-duplex (FDD) and time-division-duplex
(TDD), as well as real-time adaptive modulation and coding. Single-carrier
modulation. The physical layer of the standard covers the spectrum from
10 to 66 GHz, which includes the LMDS (Local Multipoint Distribution Service)
bands.
The high frequencies limit the use to line-of-sight (LOS).
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 802.16a:
 a completed amendment that extends the physical layer to the 2 to 11GHz
spectrum range (includes both licensed and unlicensed bands).
 the 802.16a standard also specifies three possible modulations: single carrier,
OFDM and OFDMA. The lower frequencies allow non-line of sight (NLOS) formats,
which can also be helped by OFDM's ability to handle multipath signals. Range can
be up to 30 km, with cell footprints in the 4 to 6 km range. Total data rate can be
up to 75 Mb/s in each 20MHz channel.
6
MIC 2008/2009
IEEE802.16 Standardization Overview (2)
 802.16c:
 profiles, conformance standards, and test suites for 802.16 (10-66GHz)
implementations. The profiles are published, the conformance tests have
concluded sponsor ballot.
 802.16REVd:
 full revision of 802.16 and 802.16a/d, covering the full LOS and NLOS range (2-66
GHz); currently in sponsor balloting process
 includes system profiles for 2-11GHz implementations
 802.16e:
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 a nascent effort to extend the 802.16a standard for portability (mobile clients)
 Working group letter ballot launched on 15.01.2004
 For details see: http://www.ieee802.org/16/milestones/index.html
7
MIC 2008/2009
WiMAX Forum
 The 802.16 family of standards is officially called WirelessMAN, it has
been dubbed “WiMAX” by an industry group called the “The WiMAX
Forum”. The mission of the Forum is to promote and certify
compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products.
 WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 It is a non-profit organization
 It was formed in 2003
 It has more than 110 members such as Alcatel, AT&T, Intel, Nortel, Motorola,
SBC, Siemens, and so forth..
 Mission: To promote deployment of BWA by using a global standard and certifying
interoperability of products and technologies.
WiMAX is for 802.16REVd what WiFi
is for 802.11
Certified™ Interoperability
8
MIC 2008/2009
WiMAX Applications (1)
 Extending existing services in...
 White zone DSL areas
 Rural and Sub-urban areas
 Urban areas (city coverage)
 Hot Spots
solving economical, technical and
political issues in low density areas
(‘digital divide‘)
nomadic / portable broadband
services
 Introducing basic services in ...
 developing countries (new service)
 wireless telephony
 IP services
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 List of Broadband Wireless Internet
Access (BWIA) / WiMAX Service
Providers
 http://www.bwiaserviceproviders.com/
 Spain:
 http://www.iberbanda.es/
 http://www.clearwire.es/
 http://www.neo-sky.com/
9
MIC 2008/2009
WiMAX: Nomadicity & Mobility
 Nomadicity within WiMAX system
 Covered by 802.16REVd
 Non Real Time Service Continuity offered
 Mobility within WiMAX system
 802.16e (not yet fixed)
 Mobility issues handled on MAC layer, micromobility
 Mobility in heterogeneous systems
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 Mobility issues handled on IP layer (mobile IP), macromobility
 802.21 handoff group:
developing standards to enable handover and interoperability between
heterogeneous network type, including both 802 and non 802 networks
10
MIC 2008/2009
Caso de Estudio: Equipo Alemán de la Copa America
 Balizas meteorológicas proporcionadas por la organización las zonas de
regatas. Los Datos se consultan en tiempo real, con una conexión
normal a internet. Cada Equipo decide su forma de conexión y obtiene
los datos de viento.
 El meteorólogo, en un barco de apoyo, obtiene los datos, los analiza y
sugiere al capitán de la embarcación de competición cual es la mejor
opción para una regata óptima.
 Problemas:
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 Coste Económico, ya que estos equipos de alta competición entrenan a diario.
 Ancho de banda y distancia hasta la costa. En ocasiones, estando alejados de la
costa, llegaba a estar por debajo de los 128Kbps de bajada.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
11
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Propuesta
 Implantación de un sistema Wimax.




Ancho de banda en ocasiones superior a 1Mb/s.
Distancias de hasta 8 km.
Mobilidad. Velocidades de hasta 60Km/h.
Posibilidad de añadir otros servicios.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
12
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Campo de Regatas
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
13
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Materiales
 La Antena
 Normalmente la antena se sitúa en una torre de comunicación, aunque en nuestro
caso, se ha instalado sobre un mástil, en la terraza del edificio que tiene el equipo
en el puerto de Valencia.
 Funciona en la banda seleccionada y dispone de dos pequeñas “orejas” que nos
permite dirigir la señal y cerrar el ángulo de salida hasta los 60º o abrirlo hasta los
120º. Lo que influye en el rendimiento final y la distancia alcanzada.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
14
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Materiales (2)
 La Estación Base
 Codificación y Decodificación de la señal.
 Se le conecta la antena por un lado y la interconexión con otras redes por otro. En
nuestro caso, se instaló un router Linksys que nos daba acceso a Internet por
ONO.
 Da soporte de red a todos aquellos dispositivos que se conectan a Wimax.
 Se puede acceder a un puerto RS-232 de comunicación y configurar todos los
terminales que se podrán ir conectando con la Estación Base.
 No dispone de DHCP. Toda la configuración de la red se hace de forma manual.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
15
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Materiales (3)
 Terminales
 Enlace de comunicación entre la antena de la Estación Base y los puestos de
trabajo.
 Solo se encargan de la comunicación desde y hacia Wimax.
 Se configuran automáticamente desde la Estación Base.
 Cada Terminal a su vez configura una subred dentro de la topología de Wimax.
Sergio Duran – curso 20062007
16
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
IEEE Standard 802.16: Tutorial
IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2002
(available on 802.16 web site)
17
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
IEEE 802.20 MBWA
an overview
 MBWA Working Group was approved on the 11th of December 2002
 To prepare a formal specification for a packed-based air interface
designed for IP-based services with peak data rates per user in excess
of 1 Mbps
 Will address MBWA in licensed bands below 3.5 GHz MBWA
 Could provide commuters with reliable high-speed wireless voice and
data links from trains and cars travelling at up to 250km/h
(155miles/h).
18
MIC 2008/2009
The vision of the IEEE 802.20
Mobile Broadband
Wireless Access
Home
Domain
Video Streaming Conferencing Apps
Video Streaming Conferencing Apps
Field Service Apps
Portable Remote
Access Services
Work
Domain
Portable
Office
Seamless
Ubiquitous
Experience
High BW Connectivity
Hotel/Motel
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Mobile Office (Voice
and Data Apps)
Mobile
Domain
Portable Services
Reservations-Listings
Directions Services
Video Streaming Conferencing Apps
Mobile Commerce
Services
19
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
IEEE 802.21
 802.21 is an IEEE emerging standard. The standard supports
algorithms enabling seamless handover between networks of the same
type as well as handover between different network types also called
Media Independent Handover (MIH). The standard provides
information to allow handing over to and from cellular, GSM, GPRS,
WiFi, Bluetooth and 802.11 networks through different handover
mechanisms.
 Some of the expectations





Allow roaming between 802.11 networks and 3G cellular networks.
Allow users to engage in ad hoc teleconferencing.
Apply to both wired and wireless networks.
Allow for use by multiple vendors and users.
Although security algorithms and security protocols will not be defined in the
standard, authentication, authorization, and network detection and selection will
be supported by the protocol
20
MIC 2008/2009
Genesis for 802.21
Steps in (Multi-Radio) Heterogeneous Handovers
Handover
Handover Detection &
Preparation
Handover Initiation
Handover
Execution
Scope of 802.21
Network Discovery
Layer 2 Connectivity
Network Selection
IP Connectivity
Packet Reception
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Service Discovery
•Network Activation Triggers
•Information Discovery
(Neighbor Graphs, Available
Services)
•User/Operator Policies
•Probes/Beacons,
Authentication, Association, 4way Handshake
•DHCP, Duplicate Address
Detection
•Binding Update
•Context Transfer
802.21 helps with Handover Initiation and Preparation,
Handover Execution is outside scope of 802.21
21
MIC 2008/2009
802.21: Media Independent Handovers
 Value Proposition
 Maintain connectivity
 Lower power
 Anytime, Always, Best connected
APPLICATIONS
VoIP/RTP
Connection
Management
Handover Policy
Mobility Management Protocols
IETF
Fast Handoff
Smart Triggers
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
L2 Triggers
and Events
WLAN
Power
Management
Handover
Messages
Information
Service
Information
Service
Cellular
Protocol and Device Hardware
WMAN
IEEE 802.21
802.21 MIH Function
 Optimize Handovers
(WiFi<>WiMax<>Cellular)
 Network Discovery & Selection
 Session and Service continuity
 Device <> Network co-operation
 Key work items




Link layer triggers
Information Service
Handover Commands
MIH Function
22
MIC 2008/2009
IEEE 802.22
 Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRAN)
 802.22 is to define:
 MAC: Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control
 PHY: Physical Layer specifications
 Policies and procedures for operation in the TV Bands
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 “This standard specifies the air interface, including the medium access
control layer (MAC) and physical layer (PHY), of fixed point-tomultipoint wireless regional area networks operating in the VHF/UHF
TV broadcast bands between 54 MHz and 862 MHz.”
23
MIC 2008/2009
IEEE 802.22 – Planned Cognition
 Wireless Regional Area Networks
(WRAN)
 Aimed at bringing broadband access in
rural and remote areas
 Takes advantage of better propagation
characteristics at VHF and low-UHF
 Takes advantage of unused TV channels
that exist in these sparsely populated
areas (Opportunistic spectrum usage)
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 802.22 specifications
 TDD OFDMA PHY
 DFS, sectorization, TPC
 Policies and procedures for operation in
the VHF/UHF TV Bands between 54 MHz
and 862 MHz
 Target spectral efficiency: 3 bps/Hz
 Point-to-multipoint system
 100 km coverage radius
 Devices
 Base Station (BS)
 Customer Premise Equipment (CPE)
 Master/Slave relation
 BS is master
 CPE slave
 Max Transmit CPE 4W
MIC 2008/2009
24
802.22: Cognitive Aspects
 Observation
 Aided by distributed sensing (subscriber units return data to base)
 Digital TV: -116 dBm over a 6 MHz channel
 Analog TV: -94 dBm at the peak of the NTSC (National Television System
Committee) picture carrier
 Wireless microphone: -107 dBm in a 200 kHz bandwidth.
 Possibly aided by spectrum usage tables
 Orientation
 Infer type of signals that are present
 Decision
 Frequencies, modulations, power levels, antenna choice (omni and directional)
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
 Policies
 4 W Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP)
 Spectral masks, channel vacation times
25
MIC 2008/2009
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
Mobile Broadband Technologies are Emerging
26
MIC 2008/2009
Mobile Broadband Evolution
DL: ~141Mbps
UL: ~50Mbps
LTE
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps
~100 ms
HSPA+
DL: ~14.4Mbps
UL: ~5.76Mbps
HSPA
~70 ms
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
~45 ms
3G-WCDMA
~15ms
REDES INALÁMBRICAS
2005
2006
2007 2008
Increasing Bandwidth
2009
2010
2011
2012 or later
Decreasing Latency