Transcript IEEE 802.11s - WordPress.com

IEEE 802.11s implementation for
multimedia campus networking
Aparna Anand,Arunabh Mishra,
Atul Dwivedy
Sikkim Manipal Institute Of Technolgy
Why, What ,How?
Wireless Mesh Networks
IEEE 802.11s
WMN is dynamically self-organized and self
configured. Researches have been going on
to establish protocol for mesh networking
using current technologies such as IEEE
802.11, IEEE 802.15 and 802.16
Classical 802.11 WLAN
WLAN with mesh
Why Mesh?
What’s so good about Mesh?
– Enables rapid deployment with lower-cost backhaul
– Easy to provide coverage in hard-to-wire areas
– Self-healing, resilient, extensible
– Under the right circumstances:
– Greater range due to multi-hop forwarding
– Higher bandwidth due to shorter hops
– Better battery life due to lower power transmission
Modes Of WMN
1) Infrastructure/backbone WMN
2) Client WMN
3) Hybrid WMN
Infrastructure/Backbone WMNs
Client WMNs
Hybrid WMNs
Comparison with existing technologies
Mesh vs. Ad-Hoc Networks
Ad-Hoc Networks
 Multihop
 Nodes are wireless,
possibly mobile
 May rely on infrastructure
 Most traffic is user-touser
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WMN
 Multihop
 Nodes are wireless,
some mobile, some fixed
 It relies on infrastructure
 Most traffic is user-togateway
Mesh vs. Sensor Networks
Wireless Sensor Networks
 Bandwidth is limited
(tens of kbps)
 In most applications,
fixed nodes
 Energy efficiency is an
issue
 Resource constrained
 Most traffic is user-togateway
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WMN
 Bandwidth is generous
(>1Mbps)
 Some nodes mobile,
some fixed
 Normally not energy
limited
 Resources are not an
issue
 Most traffic is user-togateway
WLAN Coverage
802.11
Wiring
Costs
High
Low
Bandwidth
Very
Good
Good
Number of APs
Cost of APs
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WMN
As needed
Low
Twice as many
High
Mesh Implementation Model
Different factors affecting a wireless transmission
rate for a mesh network.
1) Marginal S/N
2) Long bursts of interference due devices working in same
spectrum. eg microwave
3) Short bursts of interference due to concurrent sends from
other routers
4) Multipath interference.
Marginal S/N
• Simplified model for packet loss:
– P(delivery) = f(signal/noise)
– Signal strength reflects attenuation
– Noise reflects interference
• Perhaps marginal S/N explains intermediate
delivery probabilities
Long bursts of interference
A
B
Bursty noise might corrupt packets without affecting S/N
measurements
Short bursts of interference (802.11)
A
B
Outcome depends on relative signal levels
When a nearby AP sends a packet, we lose
a packet.
Multi-path interference
B
A
Reflection is a delayed and
attenuated copy of the signal
SOFTWARE & HARDWARE
DEVELOPMENT
HARDWARE
DEVELOPMENT
HORN ANTENNA
PARABOLIC REFLECTOR
• A parabolic reflector (or dish or mirror) is a
parabola-shaped reflective device, used to collect or
distribute energy such as light, sound, or radio waves
CAT5 CABLE
i Pod Touch
Wireless Settings For iPod
WIRELESS ROUTER
What is a router?
• A router is a computer whose software and hardware
are usually tailored to the tasks of routing and
forwarding, generally containing a specialized
operating system RAM, NVRAM, flash memory,
and one or more processors.
LINKSYS WRT54G
WRT54G Series
Router Specification
LINKSYS WRT54GL version 1.1
•
•
•
•
Linux Kernel 2.4
Based on the Broadcom BCM5352E SoC
Hardware design is the WRT54G Version 4.0
All-in-one Internet-sharing Router, 4-port Switch, and
54Mbps Wireless-G (802.11g) Access Point
• Shares a single Internet connection and other
resources with Ethernet wired and Wireless-G and -B
devices
• Push button setup feature makes wireless
configuration secure and simple
Software Requirements
1. MS WINDOWS
2. LINUX—UBUNTU GUTSY RIBBON
2.0 CONFIGURING UBUNTU
2.1 TCP DUMP
2.2 NDISWRAPPER
2.3 WI FI RADAR
2.4 WIRELESS TOOLS
MATLAB & SIMULINK
SOFTWARES :
-NETSTUMBLER
–
–
–
–
–
NETMEETING
SKYPE
PRTG TRAFFIC MONITOR
NETSCAN
ANGRY IP
MS WINDOWS
LINUX—UBUNTU GUTSY RIBBON
WI FI RADAR
DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM
MATLAB AND SIMULINK
What is VoIP?
Voice over IP – Video over IP
– not limited to voice/video
– “any data” over IP
How does it work:
– VoIP is the process of breaking up data into small
chunks (packets), transmitting those chunks over an IP
network and reassembling those chunks at the receiving end
Receiver handles packet loss, packet delay, and
wrong order of packets
VoIP Protocols
1. Transport Protocols
RTP: Real-Time Protocolpayload can be any “multimedia”
data defined by additional protocols and codecs
RTCP: Real-Time Control Protocol
2. Call-Signalling Protocols
SIP: Session Initiation Protocol
H.323
3. Proprietary Protocols
Skype (P2P-based)
Why VoIP?
• provides the opportunity to bring significant change in
the way people communicate
• apart from email and Web, VoIP is the “killer
application” for wireless networks
VoIP Services
• Telephony
• Video Conferencing
• Instant Messaging
• Application Sharing
• Whiteboarding
• etc.
Microsoft Windows Netmeeting
TRAFFIC MONITORING
PRTG Traffic Grapher
• It is an easy to use Windows software for monitoring
and classifying bandwidth usage. It provides system
administrators with live readings and long-term usage
trends for their network devices.
TRAFFIC MONITORING
GRAPH-1
The traffic monitoring system was also tested for wired LAN system existing
in campus using PRTG network monitor software
TRAFFIC MONITORING
GRAPH-2
NETWORK
TRAFFIC
TOP
PROTOCOLS
Network Traffic Table
Wireless Site Survey
Netstumbler
The program is commonly used for:
1. Wardriving
2. Verifying network configurations
3. Finding locations with poor coverage in a WLAN
4. Detecting causes of wireless interference
5. Detecting unauthorized ("rogue") access points
6. Aiming directional antennas for long-haul WLAN
links
Graph- SNR vs Time
Netstumbler Window
Showing network details
FIRMWARE
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•
•
•
OPEN WRT
FREIFUNK
MAD WIFI
TOMATO
OPEN WRT FIRMWARE
OPEN WRT FIRMWARE
• OpenWrt is a Linux-based firmware program
for embedded devices such as residential
gateways.
• The most popular routers seem to be the
Linksys WRT54G series and the Asus WL500G.
• OpenWrt primarily uses a command-line
interface, but also features an optional webbased GUI
FREIFUNK FIRMWARE
FREIFUNK FIRMWARE
• Freifunk.net (German for: "Free radio") is a non
commercial open initiative to support free radio
networks in the German region.
• Freifunk.net is part of the international movement for
free and wireless radio networks.
• To support the fast deployment of free radio
networks, Freifunk uses a specialized firmware for
WRT54G devices..
CONFIGURTION OF A MESH NODE
FREIFUNK FIRMWARE
LAN Settings
System Settings
MAD WI FI FIRMWARE
MAD WIFI FIRMWARE
• MadWifi is WLAN drivers available for Linux today.
• It is stable and has an established userbase.
• The driver is open source
• We tested the wireless mesh network for using Madwifi
firmware, but we faced some glitches with the deployment of
the driver.
• First the madwifi being Linux based worked only on Linux and
we were having difficulties getting the drivers for various
routers. Yet we were able to run Linksys WRT54USBG card
under Ubuntu 7.04
TOMATO FIRMWARE
TOMATO FIRMWARE
• Tomato Firmware is a free HyperWRT + tofu based,
Linux core firmware for several wireless routers,
most notably the Linksys WRT54G , Buffalo
AirStation and Asus Routers.
• Tomato is open source software
• Asynchronous Java & XML(AJAX) as well as an
Scalable Vector Graphics(SVG)-based graphical
bandwidth monitor.
Supported Devices
• WRT54G
• WRT54GS
• WRT54GL
Upgrading The Firmware
• Open the GUI in your browser. The default
URL is http://192.168.1.1/
• Click Administration, then Upgrade.
• Select any of the files and click the Upgrade
button.
• Wait for about 2 minutes while the firmware is
uploaded & flashed.
Menus in Tomato
1. Status
Overview
System
Gives current overall system status, like the amount of
time the router has been running, CPU load, and memory
usage.
WAN
Gives information on the Wide Area Network (Internet)
connection.
LAN
Gives a summary of the settings related to the Local Area
Network, and the MAC Address for the wired portion of
the network.
Wireless
Gives information on the wireless portion of the Local Area Network.
Device List
Provides a list of the current devices that have been assigned an IP address by the
DHCP server. Devices are listed by Interface, which indicates where on the router
they are connected:
br0 refers to Wired Ethernet (LAN) devices. In other words, devices that are
connected to the router on the four Ethernet ports (either directly or via a hub or
switch).
eth1 refers to Wireless Ethernet (WLAN) devices. In other words, devices that are
connected to the router via the wireless radio.
vlan1 refers to your WAN (Internet) connection. In other words, the connection to
your Internet modem (Cable modem, DSL modem, or upstream router).
Logs
Allows you to view the Internal system logs
STATUS- DEVICE LIST
STATUS OVERVIEW
STATUS OVERVIEW
Subnet Mask:
• The default of 255.255.255.0 means that anything starting in the first three
numbers as the router (default 192.168.1.x) is assumed to be on the Local
Network.
Static DNS:
Allows you to list a series of DNS servers manually (as opposed to getting them
from your Internet Service Provider).
DHCP Server
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol used by networked
computers (clients) to obtain IP addresses. To control the IP addresses that your
router hands out to computers connected to Network.
Customize the amount of time before computers on the LAN will renew their IP
addresses (the Lease Time)
Specify a Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) server if you use WINS.
Wireless
Wireless
Controls the connection over the Wireless Local Area Network.
Enable Wireless:
If checked, Wireless access will be allowed.
MAC Address:
Displays the MAC address assigned to the Wireless radio on the router.
Wireless Mode: The normal setting for this is Access Point, which allows clients to connect to
this router. The router can also be used in Wireless Distribution System (WDS) mode,
Another possible mode is Wireless Ethernet Bridge mode. This allows it to connect to
another gateway router while still keeping all computers connected to both routers in the
same subnet. Note: If the router is used as a wireless client or Wireless Ethernet Bridge, it
cannot be used as an access point at the same time.
B/G Mode:
This may be Mixed (B+G), B-Only (restricted to 802.11b), or G-Only (restricted to 802.11g). If
you set this to B-Only or G-Only, connection attempts from the other protocol may be seen
as interference. Recommend leaving this set to "Mixed".
Wireless( continued)
SSID:
Wireless router identifier. Allows you to uniquely identify your router and
differentiate it from other routers in range.
Broadcast:
If checked, the SSID will be broadcast, allowing the router to be found more easily.
Disabling this is a very limited security measure. Casual scans will not be able to
find the router, but anyone running sniffing software can easily find it.
Channel:
The 2.4Ghz range channel used by the router. Generally, it is best to use the
Wireless Survey under Tools to find any other access points in range, and use the
frequency that is the furthest from any other frequency in use.
Security:
Allows you to secure your wireless connections. WPA and/or WPA2 personal are
the most secure protocols. Disabled means all connections are unencrypted and
anyone can access the router. WEP is an older encryption protocol. While better
than nothing, it is easily broken.
STATUS OVERVIEW
Network
• Allows you to set up the Internet / Wide Area Network (WAN) connection
that the router uses, and the basic parameters of the Local Area Network
(LAN).
WAN / Internet
Specifies how your router should connect to the Internet. Normally, this is
done via an Ethernet cable connected from the WAN/Internet port to a
Cable or DSL Modem.
Type: Specifies the type of connection used.
The rest of the parameters are variable, and based on the type of
connection.
The default for most Cable modems is "DHCP", meaning that the router
simply talks to your cable modem and is automatically assigned an IP address
and other connection data.
LAN
• Controls setup of the Local area Network (LAN) which includes settings for
wired and wireless clients connected to the router.
Router IP Address:
• The IP address assigned to the router on the LAN. Default is 192.168.1.1.
Bandwidth Monitoring
• Following BW monitoring options are available
with graphs:
• Real time
• Last 24 hours
• Daily
• Weekly
• Monthly
BANDWIDTH REAL TIME
TOOLS
Ping
Allows you to ping computers on the Internet to verify connectivity. Simply enter
the URL or IP address (Internet only) to ping, customize the number of retries or
packet size if you wish, and press [PING]. Results will be displayed when the ping is
complete.
Trace
Allows you to perform a TRACERT (Trace Route) from your router to any Internet
server. Enter the URL or IP address to trace to, and optionally the maximum hops
and/or wait times, and press [TRACE]. Results are displayed when the trace is
complete.
Wireless Survey
Scans the local area for other Wireless Access Points, and gives received signal
strength information and other data.
WOL
Allows you to send Wake-on-LAN (WOL) packets to computers on your network.
TOOLS-PING
TOOLS-TRACE
TOOLS-WIRELESS SURVEY
QoS( Quality Of Service)
• QoS, or Quality of Service, allows you to prioritize
data, slowing down less important data to allow more
important data to get through first.
• Useful for outbound data.
• Inbound data cannot be prioritized effectively
• QoS in Tomato has ten levels of priority.
-HIGHEST -the very highest priority (use sparingly)
-CLASS-E (labeled as E) is the lowest-priority class.
Access Restriction
• Set time, computer, and protocol based bans
on Internet access.
ADMINISTRATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Admin access
Bandwidth monitoring
Buttons/Led
Configuration
Scheduler
Scripts
Upgrade
• It also has an option of
• Reboot
• Shut Down
CONCLUSION
• The capability of self-organization in WMNs reduces the complexity of
network deployment and maintenance, and thus, requires minimal
upfront investment.
• In order to establish we just require mesh routers and configure them and
mesh network is deployed. A user has to select the firmware that he
himself founds comfortable with out of range of firmwares available.While
testing the wireless mesh network for various applications the mesh
network worked fairly well. The established mesh network was tested for
(1) Internet Services
(2) VOIP
(3) Broadcasting
(4) Multicasting
(5) Audio/Video Chat
(6) Internet Radio
Conclusion
WMN- IEEE 802.11S- A disruptive technology??
Thank You