Transcript Zumbeel 3G Migrations

3G Migrations
Why we need 3G?
Or
3G is enough for us?
Secretes of Upgrades
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Maximize----Spectrum Efficiency FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA
Power Efficiency-------Battery
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Minimize ----Complexity
----Cost
Cellular Generation
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1G
2G
2.5 G
3G
3.5 G
4G
1G - Characteristics
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Analogue transmission technology
Focus on voice
Data services almost non-existent
Incompatible standards
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Different frequencies and signaling
International roaming impossible
Inefficient use of the radio spectrum
Example of 1G
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1G – NTT
1G - NMT-450
1G – AMPS
1G - TACS
1G - NTT
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Nippon Telephone & Telegraph (NTT)
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Now NTT DoCoMo
1979
Tokyo
World’s first operational cellular system
1G - NMT-450
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Nordic Mobile Telephone 450
1982
Sweden
First wireless communications standard
deployed in Europe
Pioneered the use of light portable handsets
Supported international roaming
1G - AMPS
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Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS)
1982
USA
Mandated (FCC) as the standard to which all
operators in the USA had to adhere to.
1G - TACS
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Total Access Coverage (TACS)
1985
UK
Adaptation of AMPS
Complies with frequency allocation in Europe
1G - Network Access
Technique
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Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Subdivides the available spectrum into a
number of frequency slots
Each user is assigned a separate frequency.
1G - Services
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Standard voice
No data services
No supplementary services
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Call barring
The 1G Landscape
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A series of incompatible networks
Limited capacity for expansion
Limited support for roaming
Susceptible to interference
Poor security
No support for wireless data
No third party applications
Solution: 2G
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Digital techniques rather than analogue
Increased flexibility
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error control
compression
More efficient use of available bandwidth
Increased compatibility with the fixed
component of the PSTN
Increased quality of service
Possibility of wireless data services
Example of 2G
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2G- GSM
2G - D-AMPS
2G - IS-95
2G - PDC
2G - GSM
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Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM)
Conceived in 1982
Deployed in 1992 in Europe
European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI)
Most successful 2G system
Voice 13kb/3 (Sig) and Data 9.6/4.4k
2G - D-AMPS
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Digital Advanced Mobile Phone Service
(DAMPS)
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Also called IS-54 (Interim Standard 54)
1991
Dual mode terminals ensuring backward
compatibility
IS-136 introduced in 1996
Telecommunications Industry Association
(TIA) TR-45 Committee
2G - IS-95
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Interim Standard 95 (IS-95)
Also called cdmaOne
1993
USA
Qualcomm Inc.
Pioneered the use of the network access
technique CDMA
2G - PDC
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Personal Digital Cellular (PDC)
1991
Japan
Two modes
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Full-rate
Half-rate
2G - Network Access
Technique
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Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
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Users share a frequency band by multiplexing their
transmissions in time
In practice ..
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Available spectrum is divided into frequency
channels (recall FDMA!)
Each frequency channel is further subdivided into
cyclic timeslots (1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3 …)
A call is assigned a time slot
2G - Services
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Depends on
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Network standard
Operator policies
Improved standard telephony (speech)
Basic wireless data
Additional services
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Call barring
Example: GSM Services
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Teleservices
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Bearer Services
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Speech
Emergency calls
Short Message Service (SMS)
Telefax
Basic data (9.6kb/s)
Supplementary Services
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Call forwarding
Call barring
2G - 3G Transition Driver?
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Higher data bandwidth requirement
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anticipated subscriber demand for
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audio/Video streaming
other multimedia services
collaborative services
location services
Possibility of third party applications being
developed
Recall: Circuit v Packet
Switching
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Circuit Switched ..
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A dedicated channel is established for the
duration of a call
Packet Switched …
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A message is subdivided into packets which are
sent individually and may follow different routes
to their destination. The packets are then used
to reassemble the original message.
3G - Migration Strategies
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Migrate straight to 3G
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This approach is being take by some operators in
Japan (PDC) and the USA (IS-95)
Migrate incrementally to 3G
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Operators progressively and incrementally
incorporate a number of technologies into their
networks
This approach is taken by operators in both
Europe and the USA
This strategy is sometimes referred to as 2.5G
2.5 G Examples
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2.5G - HSCSD (GSM)
2.5G - GPRS (GSM)
2.5G - EDGE (GSM)
2.5G - D-AMPS (IS-136+)
2.5G - IS-95B (IS-95)
2.5G - HSCSD (GSM)
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High Speed Circuit Switched Data (HSCSD)
Uses existing GSM infrastructure and interface
Data rates of up to 57.6 kb/s (4 channels @
14.4 kb/s)
Inefficient for certain types of application
Data increased 14.4kb and 1.6 channel coding
2.5G - GPRS (GSM)
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General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
Introduces packet switching to GSM
“Always-on”
Uses multiple timeslots (channels)
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14.4 kb/s per channel
Maximum of 115.2 kb/s --eight channel
Dynamic resource allocation
Supports IP
Billing per KB, NOT per sec.
2.5G - EDGE (GSM)
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Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
(EDGE)
Maximum 384 kb/s
8 Phase Shift Keying (8PSK)
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Send more bits down the line
3 fold increase over GSM
Two classes of handset:
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Class A (EDGE only on downlink)
Class B ( EDGE on uplink and downlink)
2.5G - D-AMPS (IS-136+)
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Two phase migration path
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IS-136+
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IS-136 High Speed Outdoor
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Integrate GPRS
Note: packet switching already supported by
Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD)!
Integrate EDGE
Subscribers can roam between IS-136HS
and GSM networks supporting EDGE
2.5G - IS-95B (IS-95)
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Enhanced version of IS-95
Already supports packet switching (CDPD)
Maximum of 115.2 (8 channels @ 14.4kb/s)
Realistically …
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28.8 kb/s to 57.6 kb/s on downlink
14.4 kb/s on uplink
2.5G - Services
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Standard services that can use packet
switching:
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WWW browsing
email
file downloading e.g. mp3
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)
3G - Principal Requirements - I
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Support for voice quality comparable with
fixed line networks;
Support for both circuit-switched and packetswitched data services;
Support for roaming between different IMT2000 operators;
Support for greater capacity and improved
spectrum efficiency;
3G - Principal Requirements II
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A data rate of 144 kb/s for users moving
quickly e.g. moving vehicles;
A data rate of 384 kb/s for pedestrians;
A data rate of 2 Mb/s in a low mobility or
office environment.
Note how a network using GPRS and
EDGE meets most of these criteria!
3GPP & 3GPP2
Third Generation Partnership
Project (ETSI/ARIB/TTC/TTA/CCSA) Europe /Japan/China
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Third Generation Partnership 2 (ARIB, CCSA, TIA,
TTA and TTC) from CDMA IS-95
3G - The IMT2000 Initiative
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Conceived in 1986
Sought to define a single world-wide standard
for accessing the global telecommunications
infrastructure from both terrestrial and
satellite mobile systems
Problem: backward compatibility
So five standards approved for the air
interface!
3G - Air Interface Standards I
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IMT-DS (Direct Spread), also known as
Wideband CDMA Frequency Division Duplex
(W-CDMA-FDD).
IMT-TC (Time Code) or W-CDMA Time
Division Duplex (W-CDMA-TDD).
IMT-MC (Multi-Carrier) or CDMA2000.
IMT-SC (Single Carrier), also known as
EDGE or UWC-136.
IMT-FT (Frequency Time), for cordless sytems e.g.
DECT
3G - Interface Standards II
Radio-Interface Standard
Cellular Network
Standards Organisation
IMT-DS
GSM, PDC
3GPP
IMT-TC
D-AMPS
3GPP
IMT-MC
IS-95, PDC
3GPP2
IMT-SC
Any TDMA Network
UWCC
Table 1: 3G interface standards for the predominant 2G networks.
3G Networks
2G Network
GSM
PDC
IS-95
DAMPS
3G Successor
UMTS
CDMA2000
CDMA2000
IS-136HS or UMTS
3G - Network Access
Technique
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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Signal is modulated with high bandwidth
spreading waveforms called signature
waveforms or codes. Subscribers may submit at
the same frequency and time but signal
separation is facilitated via the signature
waveform
In contrast with TDMA
 More robust
 Less susceptible to fading & interference
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Example: 3G Services (UMTS)
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Universal Mobile Telephone System (UMTS)
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Four QoS classes of services
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Conversational Class
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Streaming Class
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multimedia, video on demand, webcast
Interactive Class
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Voice, video telephony,video gaming
WWW browsing, database access, online gaming
Background Class
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email, SMS, file downloading
Migration Stages
Steps towards 3G
1- Backbone Roll Out (Packet Network)
All the backend traffic transfer on IP
(Packets) /Passport/ATM/MPBN
2- Data Network
3- Core Network
4- RAN Network
1-Backbone Roll Out (Packet
Network) Migration
2-Data Network Migration
3-Core Network Migration
Classical MSC Architecture
(old name: Non-Layered Mobile Core Network/
’Monolitic’ Architecture)
MSC Server
Classic MSC
MSC
Mobile Softswitch Solution
(old name: Layered Mobile Core Network
Architecture)
(Control and Switching)
MSC-S
(Control)
Mobile Media Gateway
MGw
(Switching)
Control Layer
MSC-S
MSC
MGw
MSC
MSC
TDM
MSC
MSC
MGw
IP/ATM/TDM
MGw
MGw
MGw
Layer Architecture
3-RAN Network Migration
GSM(2G)-- 2.5G--3G----- LTE
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R-99---R4 ( We are in this stage in core side)
HSDPA (Higher speed data downlink access)
HSDUA (Higher speed data uplink access)
LTE
(Long Term Evolution)
Goals include improving spectral efficiency, lowering costs,
improving services, making use of new spectrum and refarmed
spectrum opportunities, and better integration with other open
standards
3G Migration Plan
3.5G
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UMTS
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High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
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14 Mbps (but 1 Mbps per subscriber!)
Incremental upgrade
More functionality in Node B
Backward compatible with W-CDMA
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)
Other Technologies
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WiMAX, etc, etc
4G- Some Speculations
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Global Mobility
Increased data rates..100Mbps?
All IP network
When?
Softswitch MSC (R4)/LMSD
Legacy MSC (R99)
IMS/MMD (R5/R6)5
CSCF
MSC Server
MSC Server
MGCF
MISUP
MSC
MSC
TDM
PSTN
MG
CDMA BSS/
UMTS RAN
CS (+ PS)
Divided
into MSC
Server &
MGW
H.248
MGW
PSTN
SIP-T
TDM/IP
SIP
H.248
MGW
CDMA BSS/
UMTS RAN
CS + IMS (+ PS)
H.248
MGW
H.2
IP
PSTN
IMS (+ PS)
MGW
CDMA BS
UMTS RA
GSM to 3G Steps
3GPP - Organizational Partners
Organisation
Association of Radio Industries and
Region
URL
Japan
http://www.arib.or.jp
China
http://www.cwts.org
Europe
http://www.etsi.org
Committee T1 (T1)
USA
http://www.t1.org
Telecommunications Technology Association
Korea
http://www.tta.or.kr
Japan
http://www.ttc.or.jp
Businesses (ARIB)
China Wireless Telecommunications
Standard Group (CWTS)
European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI)
(TTA)
Telecommunications Technology Committee
(TTC)
3GPP2 - Organizational
Partners
URL
Organisation
Region
Association of Radio Industries and
Japan
http://www.arib.or.jp
China
http://www.cwts.org
USA
http://www.tiaonline.org
Korea
http://www.tta.or.kr
Japan
http://www.ttc.or.jp
Businesses (ARIB)
China Wireless Telecommunications
Standard Group (CWTS)
Telecommunications Industry Association
(TIA)
Telecommunications Technology Association
(TTA)
Telecommunications Technology Committee
(TTC)
Thanks allot