Transcript Treatment

Viral Diseases
Common Cold
 Causes:
 200+ viruses can cause it, including
rhinoviruses
 No evidence for weather causing a
cold
 Symptoms:
 Runny nose, sore throat, headache,
cough
 Treatment:
 Antihistamines, decongestants &
glycerin based cough suppressants
 NSAIDS (ibuprofen)
 Transmission:
 Inhaling drops of mucus full of
rhinovirus
 Touching contaminated surfaces
 Wash your hands!
Influenza “the flu”
 Cause: influenza (Types A,B & C)
 Symptoms:
 Fever, headache, fatigue, body aches,
congestion
 Treatment:
 CDC currently recommends NOT taking
medications for flu due to growing virus
resistance.
 Transmission:
 Inhaling drops of mucus full of influenza
virus
 Touching contaminated surfaces
 Status:
 Vaccines present, BUT it changes yearly
(RNA virus)
 Threat of flu pandemics worldwide
Smallpox
 Cause: Variola
 Symptoms:
 High fever, body aches, small raised
bumps all over body
 Treatment:
 no proven treatment for smallpox
 Most recover, 30% mortality
 Transmission:
 inhaling droplets of affected saliva
 face-to-face contact with an infected
person
 Status:
 Vaccine present
 Can be fatal
 Eradicated worldwide, last naturally
occurring in 1977
Herpes
Simplex I
HSV-1
 Cause: (HSV-1)
 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1
 Symptoms:
 Cold sores around mouth
 Treatment:
 Topical medication to reduce healing
 Antiviral medication to reduce number of
outbreaks
 Transmission:
 Kissing, eating/drinking after one
another
 Status:
 No vaccine, no cure!
Simplex II
 Cause: (HSV-2)
 Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2
 Symptoms:
 Pain, itching, blisters on genitals, anus
and thighs
 Treatment:
 medication to reduce symptoms and
reduce number of outbreaks
 Transmission:
 Sexually transmitted, may not be
showing signs, oral or vaginal sex
 Status:
 No vaccination, no cure!
 1 out of 5 adolescents and adults have
had HSV-2 in the US!
Perianal
HSV-2
Genital Warts
 Cause: >100 strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
 Symptoms:
 Raised or flat, single or multiple swellings on any genital surface, male or female,
can appear cauliflower-like
 Can cause cervical cancer in women
 No visible signs may occur
 Treatment:
 Topical creams are available, doctors may freeze or burn them off
 May remove warts but virus is still present in the body and warts may return
 Transmission:
 Very contagious
 sexual contact with infected partner, may not be showing signs
 Status:
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6.2 million new cases a year in U.S.
No cure!
Tests available for presence in women
Gardasil- new vaccine that prevents the 4 highest risk strains of HPV
Hepatitis B
 Cause: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
 Symptoms:
 Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, liver
failure, death
 May not look sick
 Treatment:
 Interferon- slows the growth of HBV
 Transmission:
 Any sexual contact
 Blood contact (needles, razors, etc.)
 Status:
 Vaccine is available
 1.25 million American live with chronic hepatitis B Female Cambodian
patient with a distended
Juandice
abdomen due to a
hepatoma resulting from
chronic hepatitis B
infection
Rabies
 Cause: rabies virus
 Symptoms:
 Fever, headache, paralysis, hydrophobia, hallucinations,
foaming at the mouth, ultimately death
 Treatment: no successful treatment
 Transmission:
 bite from an infected mammal (carnivores and bats)
 Status:
 Cases have reduced in domestic animals greatly
 Vaccine is available, only given to people at high risk of
infection
HIV
(Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
 Cause:
 Human Immunodeficiency Virus
 Symptoms:
 Fever, headache, tiredness, enlarged lymph nodes
 AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
 weight loss, fatigue, memory loss
 Destroys CD4+ cells (part of immune system)
 body cannot fight off illnesses caused by bacteria,
other viruses, fungi, or parasites.
 Ultimately leads to death
HIV (continued)
 Treatment:
 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) inhibitors & Protease Inhibitorsstops the virus from making copies of itself
 Transmission:
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sexually (orally, vaginally)
Blood (needles, or through mucus membranes)
Breast milk mother to child
NOT from kissing, touching, insects bites
 Status:
 No vaccine, several medicines to prevent spread in body
 Worldwide: In 2004, 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 5
million newly infected, and 3.1 million deaths
 Prevention:
 Abstinence, Safe sex (Condoms!), avoidance or risky behaviors
associated with sex and drug use
Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Electron micrograph
 Cause:
of ebola virus
 1 of 4 Ebola viruses
 Symptoms:
 Fever, headache, muscle/joint pain, red eyes, skin rash
 Diarrhea, vomiting, rash, internal and external bleeding
 Treatment:
 No standard treatment
 Some patients recover but majority die, usually because the lack of
immune response
 Transmission:
 Contaminated body fluids: Blood, mucus, semen, syringes
 Air transmission in monkey Ebola-Reston virus only
 Status:
 Only identified in 1976 with few devastating outbreaks
 RNA virus
Other viral diseases
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Polio
Shingles/ chicken pox
Hanta
SARS
Stomach virus (viral gastroenteritis)
Viral meningitis
Rubella, Measles, mumps
Polio
Rubella
Measles