Transcript Conventional and Complementary medicine

CONVENTIONAL AND
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
Chapter 20
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
SELF-CARE
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Self-assessment
Symptoms are often an expression of the body’s
attempt to heal itself
 Carefully observing symptoms lets you identify those
signals that suggest you need professional assistance
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Body’s vital sign
 Temperature
 Heart rate
 Medical self-tests
 Blood pressure
 Blood sugar
 Pregnancy detection
 Urinary tract infections
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KNOW WHEN TO SEE A PHYSICIAN
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See a physician for symptoms that you would describe as:
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4.
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Severe
Unusual
Persistent
Recurrent
Emergencies include the following:
1.
Major trauma
2.
Uncontrollable bleeding
3.
Intolerable or uncontrollable pain
4.
Severe shortness of breath
5.
Persistent abdominal pain
6.
Poisoning or drug overdose
7.
Loss of consciousness or seizure
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Unexplained stupor, drowsiness, or disorientation
9.
Severe or worsening reaction to an insect bite or sting or to
a medication, especially if breathing is difficult
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SELF-TREATMENT
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Watchful waiting
Nondrug options
Self-medication
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Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
Simple guidelines to self-medicate safely:
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Always read labels
Do not exceed the recommended dosage or length of treatment
Use caution if you are taking other medications
Try to select medications with one active ingredient
Try to buy generic drugs
Never take or give a drug from an unlabeled container
If pregnant or nursing, consult health care provider first
Check expiration date
Store your medications in a cool, dry place
Use caution with aspirin
1.
Reye’s syndrome - children
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FIGURE 20.1 READING AND UNDERSTANDING
OTC DRUG LABELS
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FIGURE 20.2 YOUR HOME MEDICAL CARE KIT
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PROFESSIONAL CARE
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System of broad network of professionals and organizations,
including:
Independent practitioners
Health care providers
 Hospitals
 Clinics
 Public and private insurance programs
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Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
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Most commonly used CAM therapies:
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Acupuncture
Chiropractic
Relaxation techniques
Herbal medicine
Massage
Meditation
Yoga
Integrative medicine

Conventional health care with the addition of unconventional modalities
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CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
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Premises and assumptions of Conventional Medicine
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Western medicine is based on the belief that disease is
caused by identifiable physical factors
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Identifies:
 Pathogens
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Bacteria or viruses
Genetic factors
Unhealthy lifestyles
Based on scientific method of obtaining knowledge
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Empirical
Rational
Testable
Parsimonious
General
Rigorously evaluated
Tentative
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THE PROVIDERS OF CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
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Medical doctor (MD)
Doctor of osteopathic medicine (DO)
Podiatrist
Optometrist
Dentist
Allied health care providers:
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Registered nurse (RN)
Licensed vocational nurse (LVN)
Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
Physical therapist (PT)
Licensed social worker (LSW)
Registered dietitian (RD)
Physician assistant (PA)
Nurse practitioner
Certified nurse midwife
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CHOOSING A PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN
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Begin making a list of possible choices
Check insurance limits
Ask for recommendations
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Family, friends, coworkers, local medical societies, physician
referral service
Once you have a list of physicians, call their office and
find out some information
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Is the physician covered by your insurance plan?
What are the office hours?
Which hospitals does the physician use?
How many other physicians are available to cover?
How long does it usually take to get an appointment?
Does the office send reminders for preventive check-ups?
Does the physician give advice over the phone?
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GETTING THE MOST OUR OF YOUR MEDICAL CARE
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The physician-patient partnership
Your physician appointments
The diagnostic process
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Physical exams
Diagnostic testing
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Medical and surgical treatments
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Prescription medications
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X-rays
Biopsies
Blood and urine tests
Scans
Endoscopies
Medication errors
Off-label drug use
Online pharmacies
Costs
Surgery

Elective surgeries
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FIGURE 20.3
READING AND UNDERSTANDING
PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION LABELS
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COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
CAM tends to focus on an integration of mind,
body, and spirit in seeking ways to restore the
whole person to harmony
 Integration = holistic health care, considering the
whole person
 Alternative medical systems
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)
Harmonious flow of qi produces health
 Acupuncture and herbal remedies
 QI is believed to flow through the body along several
meridians (pathways)
 Homeopathy
 Naturopathy

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FIGURE 20.4
THE CATEGORIES OF CAM PRACTICES
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MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS
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Interventions make use of the integral connection
between mind and body
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Meditation
Yoga
Visualization
Taijiquan
Biofeedback
Placebo effect
 Hypnotherapy
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NATURAL PRODUCTS
Also known as biologically based therapies
 Include substances derived from plant or animal
sources
 Consist primarily of herbal therapies or
remedies, botanicals, and extracts from animal
tissues
 Pharmacopoeia
 Drug-herb interactions
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TABLE 20.2 COMMONLY USED HERBALS
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MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS
Based on manipulating or moving one or more
body parts
 Touch and body manipulation are long-standing
forms of health care
 Manual healing is based on the idea that
misalignment or dysfunction in one part of the
body causes pain or dysfunction in another part
 Chiropractic medicine
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EXERCISE
Exercise for health maintenance, promotion, and
disease preventions fits the definition of CAM
 65% of Americans would be more interested in
exercising if advised to do so by their physicians
 New program “Exercise Is Medicine” encourages
physicians to record a patient’s exercise level as
a regular vital sign
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OTHER CAM PRACTICES
 CAM
•
Movement therapies
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•
Use movement to promote well-being
(Feldenkreis method, Alexander technique,
Pilates)
Traditional healing practices
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•
practices also include
Based on indigenous theories handed down
from generation to generation (Native
American medicine man, shaman)
Energy therapies
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ENERGY THERAPIES
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Forms of treatment that use energy originating
either within the body (biofields) or from other
sources (bioelectromagnetic fields)
• Qigong
• Therapeutic touch
• Reiki
• Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies
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EVALUATING COMPLEMENTARY AND
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
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Work with your physician
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Areas to discuss
Safety
 Effectiveness
 Timing
 Cost
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Questions for the CAM practitioner
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Ask about education, training, licensing, certification
Ask why he or she thinks the therapy will be beneficial
Describe in detail any conventional treatments you are
receiving
Ask how long the therapy should continue
Ask about the expected cost of the treatment
Do your own research
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PAYING FOR HEALTH CARE
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The current system
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Combination of private and public insurance plans, patient
out-of-pocket payments, and government assistance
Health insurance
Traditional fee-for-service (indemnity) plans
 Managed-care plans
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Health maintenance organizations (HMO)
Preferred provider organizations (PPO)
Point-of-service (POS) plans
Governmental programs
Medicare
 Medicaid
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Health care reform
•
Affordable Care Act, March 2010
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CONVENTIONAL AND
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
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Chapter 20
© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.