Transcript Conventional and Complementary medicine

CONVENTIONAL AND
COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE
Chapter 15
©2010 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.
SELF-CARE
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Self Assessment
Symptoms are often an expression of the body’s
attempt to heal itself.
 Carefully observing symptoms lets you identify those
signals that suggest you need professional assistance.
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Body’s vital sign
 Temperature
 Heart rate
 Medical self-tests
 Blood pressure
 Blood sugar
 Pregnancy detection
 Urinary tract infections
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KNOWING WHEN TO SEE A
PHYSICIAN
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See a physician for symptoms that you would describe as
follows:
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Severe
Unusual
Persistent
Recurrent
Emergencies include the following:
Major trauma
Uncontrollable bleeding
Intolerable and uncontrollable pain
Severe shortness of breath
Persistent abdominal pain
Poisoning or drug overdose
Loss of consciousness
Stupor, drowsiness, or disorientation
Severe or worsening reaction to an insect bite or sting or to a
medication
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SELF-TREATMENT: MANY OPTIONS
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Watchful waiting
Non-drug options
Self-medication
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Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
Simple guidelines to self-medication safely:
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Always read labels
Do not exceed the recommended dosage or length of
treatment
Use caution if you are taking other medications
Try to select medications with one active ingredient
Try to buy generic drugs
Never take or give a drug from an unlabeled container
If pregnant or nursing
Expiration date
Store your medications in a cool, dry place.
Use caution with aspirin
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FIGURE 15.1 READING AND
UNDERSTANDING OTC DRUG LABELS
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PROFESSIONAL CARE
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System of broad network of professionals and
organizations, including:
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Independent practitioners
Health care providers
Hospitals
Clinics
Public and private insurance programs
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
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Most commonly used CAM therapies:
Relaxation techniques
 Herbal medicine
 Massage
 Chiropractic
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CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
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Premises and Assumptions of Conventional Medicine
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Western medicine is the belief that disease is caused by
identifiable physical factors.
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Identifies:
 Pathogens
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Bacteria or viruses
Genetic factors
Unhealthy lifestyles
Based on scientific method of obtaining knowledge
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Empirical
Rational
Testable
Parsimonious
General
Rigorously evaluated
Tentative
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THE PROVIDERS OF CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE
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Medical Doctor (MD)
Doctors of osteopathic medicine (OD)
Podiatrists
Optometrists
Dentists
Allied health care providers:
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Registered nurses (RN)
Licensed vocational nurses (LVNs)
Physical therapists (PT)
Social workers
Registered dietitians (RDs)
Physician assistants (PA)
Nurse practitioners
Certified nurse midwives
Certified Athletic Trainers’ (ATCs)
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CHOOSING A PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN
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Begin making a list
Check insurance limits
Ask for recommendations
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Family, friends, coworkers, local medical societies, and the
physician referral service
Once you have a list of physicians, call their office and
find out some information:
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Is the physician covered by your insurance plan?
What are the office hours?
Which hospitals does the physician use?
How many other physicians are available to cover?
How long does it usually take to get an appointment?
Does the office send reminders for check-ups?
Does the physician give advice over the phone?
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GETTING THE MOST OUT OF YOUR MEDICAL
CARE
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The physician-patient partnership
Your appointment with your physician
The diagnostic process
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Physical exams
Diagnostic testing
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Medical and Surgical treatments
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Prescription medications
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X-rays
Biopsies
Blood and urine tests
Scans
Endoscopies
Off-label drug use
Online pharmacies
Costs
Surgery
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Elective surgeries
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COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
CAM tends to focus on an integration of mind,
body, and spirit in seeking ways to restore the
whole person to harmony
 Alternative Medical Systems
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Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Harmonious flow of qi (pronounced “chi”) produces health
 Acupuncture
 QI is believed to flow through the body along several
meridians (pathways) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NweGEgup74Q
 Homeopathy
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UGRXp9a2Eek
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MIND-BODY INTERVENTIONS
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Intervention make use of the integral connection
between mind and body
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Meditation
Yoga
Visualization
Taijiquan
Biofeedback
Hypnosis
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgmScnjv6cA
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BIOLOGICAL-BASED THERAPIES
Consist primarily of herbal therapies or
remedies, botanicals, and dietary supplements
 Pharmacopoeia (A book containing an official list
of the drugs used in medicine together with
information about their purity, and physical and
chemical properties)
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MANIPULATIVE AND BODY-BASED METHODS
Touch and body manipulation are long-standing
forms of health care.
 Manual healing is based on the idea that
misalignment or dysfunction in one part of the
body causes pain or dysfunction in another part
 Chiropractic medicine
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ENERGY THERAPIES
Forms of treatment that use energy originating
either within the body (biofields) or from other
sources (electromagnetic fields)
 Qigong
 Therapeutic touch
 Reiki http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ammo6-Vje6s
 Bioelectromagnetic-based therapies
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EVALUATING COMPLEMENTARY AND
ALTERNATIVE THERAPIES
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Working with your physician
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Area to discuss
Safety
 Effectiveness
 Timing
 Cost
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Questions the CAM practitioner
Why he or she thinks the therapy will be beneficial
 Describe in detail any conventional treatments you are
receiving
 Ask how long the therapy should last
 Ask about the expected cost of the treatment
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Doing your own research
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Chapter 15
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Rights Reserved.
THE USE OF CAM IN THE US.
2004 REPORT BY NATIONAL CENTER FOR COMPLEMENTARY AND
ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (NCCAM) & NATIONAL CENTER FOR HEALTH
STATISTICS (NCHS)
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36% of Americans use CAM
WHO USES CAM THE MOST?
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Women more than men
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People with higher education
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People who have been hospitalized in past year
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Former smokers (more than current or never smoked)
PAYING FOR HEALTH CARE
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The current system:
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Combination of private and public insurance plans,
patient out-of-pocket payments, and government
assistance.
Health insurance
Traditional fee-for service (indemnity) plans
 Managed-care plans
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Health maintenance organizations (HMO)
 Preferred provider organizations (PPO)
 Point-of-service (POS) plans
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Health Savings Accounts (HSAs)
 Governmental programs
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Medicare
 Medicaid
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Choosing a policy
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CONNECT ASSIGNMENT
 Chapter 15
April 20th
Connect Assignment Due Tuesday,