Transcript Living Psychology by Karen Huffman

Living Psychology
by
Karen Huffman with Gary Piggrem
PowerPoint  Lecture Notes Presentation
Chapter 15: Living Psychology in a
Global Economy
Judith Phillips, Palomar College
©John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2005
Huffman: Living Psychology
Lecture Overview
 Communication
 Leadership
 Persuasion
 Conflict
 Living
Psychology- Improving
Communication and Coping With
Conflict
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Huffman: Living Psychology
Communication: Module 15.1
 Communication:
interdependent
process of
sending, receiving
and
understanding
messages;
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Huffman: Living Psychology
The Communication process

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7 important elements exist in all
forms of communication:
The sender (who initiates the
message) and the receiver (for
whom the message is targeted);
The message,
Encoding- what the sender does;
Decoding- what the receiver does;
Channels- the means by which the
message is communicated;
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Huffman: Living Psychology
Channels of information flow in 3
different directions:
6.
7.
Noise- stimuli that interfere,
Context- the environmental conditions
surrounding the communication.
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Non Verbal Communication:
 the
process of sending and receiving
messages through means other than
words;
•
–
–
–
Includes:
Kinesics (gestures and body language);
Proxemics (physical and personal
space);
Paralanguage (how words are spoken);
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Male/Female differences in
communication
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Leadership:
 Leadership:
•
Module 15.2
using interpersonal
influence to inspire or persuade
others to support the goals and
perform the tasks desired by the
leader.
3 major leadership styles: trait,
situational, functional;
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Huffman: Living Psychology
1.
•
–
–
–
Trait perspective- leadership results
from specific inherited personality
traits;
These trait includeDrive, honesty and integrity;
Expertise and leadership motivation;
Flexibility (single most important
trait);
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•
Charismatic
leaders possess
a compelling
vision that
transforms
followers’ beliefs,
values & goals;
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2.
•
–
Situational perspective: the
environment (both time in history
and needs of followers) produces
the leader;
3 major styles found:
Autocratic leader- makes all major
decisions, assigns task to followers
and demands full obedience;
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Huffman: Living Psychology
–
–
Democratic leader- encourages
group discussion and group decision
making;
Laissez-faire leader- minimally
involved with decision making &
encourages workers to make their
own decisions and manage
themselves;
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3.
Functional perspective- emphasizes
the behaviors that leaders exhibit
which contribute to the group’s
functioning;
•
2 types:
Task-oriented leader- helps a group
complete a task or reach a goal;
Relationship-oriented leader- helps
maintain group morale, satisfaction and
motivation;
–
–
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Leadership and Bases of Power
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Huffman: Living Psychology
Persuasion: Module 15.3
 Persuasion:
•
–
–
–
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communication intended
to change attitudes;
4 major elements of persuasionWho- the source in communication;
What- the communication message;
To Whom- the audience;
How- the channels and methods;
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Several important elements of how:
•
•
•
•
•
repeated exposure
classical conditioning
foot in the door technique
the door in the face- beginning with a
very large request followed by a smaller
request;
low balling- getting someone to commit
to an attractive proposal before
revealing hidden costs;
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•
bait & switch: offering an attractive
proposal, then making it unavailable
or unappealing and offering a more
expensive alternative;
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Routes to persuasion
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Conflict: Module 15.4
 Conflict:
having to choose between 2 or
more competing goals;

Can be:
•
dysfunctional (destructive) or
functional (constructive);
intrapersonal or interpersonal;
2 major types of interpersonal conflict
are substantive (deals with goals or
means) or emotional (between
individuals);
•
–
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Sources of conflict
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Living Psychology- Improving
Communication and Coping
With Conflict: Module 15.5

1.
2.
Improving communication skills by
overcoming 6 barriers that block
communication:
Physical distractions such as
music and sounds;
Perceptual set- readiness to
perceive, based on expectations;
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Semantics- poor choice of words,
use of emotionally charged words,
and inappropriate use of technical
jargon;
Mixed messages;
Status differences between
communicating individuals;
Communication overload;
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 Communication
•
•
•
skills and strategies
for better communication:
Know your audience;
Use active and empathic listening;
Ask for feedback;
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Conflict Resolution Skills
5
•
•
•
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main approaches:
Avoidance- pretending a conflict
doesn’t exist;
Accommodation- focusing on areas
of agreement;
Compromising,
Authoritative command- an outside
authority imposes a solution;
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•
Collaboration- all parties problem
solve and put their own interests
behind them;
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Huffman: Living Psychology