Transcript Mongols

Do Now:
•How has geography and geographic
features effected civilizations in the
past? Use prior Knowledge .
THE MONGOLS
Genghiz Khan & The Mongolian Empire
Geography
• Steppes and grasslands of central Asia
• Allowed horse-riding, nomadic* herdsman known as the
Mongols to sweep out across large parts of Asia and
Europe.
The Mongols
• The Mongols often brought
peace, stability and
prosperity wherever they
conquered.
• China, India and Russia
• Their tolerance and open
trade helped to create the
Pax Mongolia thanks to the
re-opening of the Silk Road.
• Pax Mongolia= Peace in
Mongolia
The Silk Road
• The Silk Road was used
during the Song and Tang
Dynasties in China
• The Mongols reopened the
routes
• They also provided safety for
travelers
• Goods and ideas such as
porcelain, gunpowder, paper
making and windmills flowed
West.
Genghis Khan
• Born Temujin
• Earned the title Genghis Khan
or World Leader
• Was a prisoner of war at a
very early age
• Known for his brutal and
cunning tactics in combat
• Led skilled horsemen into
battle
• Included women in society
Russia
• In Russia, the Golden Horde took control of Russia
demanding that it pay tribute* to the Khan. Mongol rule
on had two long term effects on Russia:
• A) Absolutism: The Mongol rulers served as a model for
later Russian czars Russia became a (subordinate) state
• B) Isolation: Mongol rule isolated Russia from Europe for
250 years at a critical time when many advances in art,
science and government were made during the
Renaissance
India
• In India, a descendent of Temujin called Akbar the Great
would begin a Golden Age* in India.
• This was called The Mughal Empire
Mongol Empire 13th Century
2
Mongols
Once a conquest was complete, the Mongols were
not oppressive rulers. They often allowed
conquered peoples to live much as they had — as
long as they paid tribute to the Mongols.
The heirs of Genghiz Khan established peace and
order within their domain. (Pax Mongolica)
Reasons Why the Mongols are Awesome
• Restarted Eurasia Trade (Silk Road)
• Increased Communication throughout Eurasia (Yam System)
• Cultural Diffusion
•Tolerance.
Reasons why the Mongols aren’t Awesome
•Brutal
• Killed millions of people
• Empire only lasts 80 years
•No achievements in art or
architecture
•Helped start Black Plague
AIM: How did Mongol rule influence China?
•Do Now: Imagine that a foreign
nation conquered the United
States. How would you react?
How would you feel?
2
Mongols in China
Genghis Khan and his son were able
to conquer a large amount of
territory in their lives. This land
included Northern China.
However Southern China would
remain free from Mongol rule until
Genghis’ grandson Kublai Khan
conquered the remainder of Chine
once he rose to power.
2
Khan Dynasty
• Kublai became the first foreigner to rule over
China.
• He started Yuan Dynasty.
• Under the Yuan Dynasty;
• China was united
• Trade increased
• The mongols were tolerant of Chinese culture and
govt
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Mongol Empire
2
Visitors
Prior to the Mongol rule,
China was isolated from the
rest of the world.
Kublai invited Europeans to
visit the Empire.
One of the more important
guests was Marco Polo
Polo would write about the
ordeal
AIM: How did geography affect life in the Korean
peninsula?
• Do Now: Matching
• The Name by which the
Russians knew the
Mongols
• His other name
• The Empire that came
under a golden age
under Akbar the Great
translates to World
Leader
• The Grandson of
Genghis
• He was invited to visit
China by the Khan. He
wrote about it.
• The Dynasty
established in China
after Genghis’ death in
1227
2
Review
In the 1200s, Genghiz Khan united Mongol tribes and conquered a vast
empire that stretched from the Pacific Ocean to Eastern Europe.
Genghiz Khan imposed strict military discipline and demanded
absolute loyalty. His highly trained armies contained some of the most
skilled horsemen in the world.
In their conquest of China, the Mongol armies faced the problem of
attacking walled cities. Mongol and Chinese armies used missile
weapons against each other.
It took 150 years for the Mongols to complete their conquest of China.
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Mongol Empire
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Mo’ Review
Once a conquest was complete, the Mongols were not
oppressive rulers. They often allowed conquered peoples to
live much as they had — as long as they paid tribute to the
Mongols.
The heirs of Genghiz Khan established peace and order
within their domain. Historians today refer to this period as
the Pax Mongolica, or Mongol Peace.
2
Even Mo’ Review
Only Mongols could serve in the military or hold the highest government
jobs.
A mix of Chinese and foreign customs developed.
Foreigners were welcomed into China and a number of Chinese products,
such as gunpowder and porcelain, were introduced in Europe.
Regent Question
The Mongols played a significant role in Russian history by
A. supporting Czar Nicholas II during the Russian Revolution
B. supporting the rule of Ivan the Terrible
C. ending the reign of Catherine the Great
D. isolating Russia from Western Europe during the early Renaissance
3
Korea and Its Traditions
• How did geography affect life in the Korean
peninsula?
• How did Korea maintain its unity and independence
despite Chinese influence?
• What were the major achievements of the Choson
dynasty?
3
Geography of the Korean Peninsula
Seventy percent of Korea is
mountainous. Because farming is
difficult in the mountains, most
Koreans live along the western
coastal plain, Korea’s major farming
area.
Korea has a 5,400 mile coastline with
hundreds of good harbors. Since
earliest times, Koreans have
depended on seafood for protein in
their diet.
Korea’s location on China’s doorstep
has played a key role in its
development.
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Korea United
Prior to the Mongols;
As early as Han times, China extended its influence to Korea. Although
Koreans absorbed many Chinese traditions, Korea was able to preserve its
independence and maintain a separate and distinct culture.
Koreans adapted and modified Chinese ideas.
3
The Choson Dynasty
In 1392, the Koreans overthrew their Mongol conquerors and
set up the Choson dynasty. Choson rulers made important
contributions to Korean culture.
• They reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government
based upon Confucian principles.
Over time, Confucianism greatly influenced Korean life.
• They developed hangul to replace the complex Chinese
writing system. The use of hangul led to an extremely high literacy rate,
or percentage of people who can read and write.
3
Section 3 Assessment
More than half of the Korean peninsula is made up of
a) mountains.
b) coastal plains.
c) deserts.
d) valleys.
With the development of hangul,
a) Chinese influence in Korea ended.
b) Buddhism spread more quickly through Korea.
c) Korean peasants were allowed to take the civil service
examination.
d) the literacy rate in Korea increased.
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Section 3 Assessment
More than half of the Korean peninsula is made up of
a) mountains.
b) coastal plains.
c) deserts.
d) valleys.
With the development of hangul,
a) Chinese influence in Korea ended.
b) Buddhism spread more quickly through Korea.
c) Korean peasants were allowed to take the civil service
examination.
d) the literacy rate in Korea increased.
AIM: How did the Song and Tang Dynastys
influence Chinese development?
• Do Now:
• Take two minutes and list the types of achievements made during a
Golden Age of a civilization.
CHINA
• China, up until the early 1900s, has been ruled by
Dynasties.
• A Dynasty is a ruling family that has control for
many generations.
• A Dynasty will end for two reasons.
- No male heir
- Rebellion/ War
Dynasties in order
Shang---- Zhou (Joe) ---- Warring Period (Chaos)--- Qin
(chin) --- Han---More Chaos----Sui---Tang---- Song---Yuan
(Mongols)----Ming ---- Qing (Ching)- 1911~
Mandate of Heaven
• The theory of Mandate of Heaven dates back as far
as the Zhou Dynasty.
• They claimed that the Shang lost the Mandate of
Heaven, or approval of the Gods.
• Thusly, it was the Gods’ will that the power in China
would shift from the Shang to the Zhou.
• After the Zhou Dynasty fell to the Qin, the Qin
claimed the same thing.
• Emperors also begun looking towards Confucianism.
Confucius
• Confucius was a Chinese philosopher that lived during the “Chaos”
period.
• After initially being shunned. Confucianism was eventually accepted
into Chinese government, Chinese society, Chinese everything.
Major Parts of Confucianism
-Everyone is either a superior or an inferior
-Inferiors give respect to their superior (A son for a father, a pupil to
a teacher…)
-This is called filial piety.
•Tang Dynasty
• 618-907
*All prior to the Mongols
Song
Dynasty
960-1279
• Main Idea:
• Tang and Song China
experienced an era of prosperity
and technological innovation.
• Why it Matters Now:
• Chinese inventions from this
period, such as printing,
gunpowder, and the compass,
changed history.
Tang Dynasty
Government
Size of Empire
•Centralized
•Included Western
government under an China and Korea
Emperor (United
China)
•Increased taxes to
support expansion
•Revived civil service
exam
Tang Dynasty
Economy
•Built roads, canals
and other
infrastructure
•Promoted Trade
•Improved Agriculture
Society
•Redistributed land to
peasants
•Opened Schools
•Merchants seen as
parasites and are
LOW class
Tang
• Arts
Porcelain, Mechanical Clocks,
Printing, Gunpowder, Landscape
painting with Daoist themes
Song Dynasty
Government
Size of Empire
•Centralized
•Less territory
government under an
Emperor (United
•Would lose more
China)
territory as time
•Supporter of military
passes. Eventual
•Expanded civil service relocation to South
exam
China.
Song Dynasty
Economy
•Promoted Trade (silk
road)
•Agriculture switches
from wheat to rice
•Food Surpluses
Society
• Class Division between
Gentry and Peasants
• Class Division between
Scholars and Laborers
• (Social Mobility)
• Women-Foot Binding
(Next Slide)
• Merchants seen as
parasites and are LOW
class
Foot Binding- (Graphic Images)
Song
• Arts
Paper Money, Magnetic Compass,
Landscape paintings with
Daoist Themes
The Tang and Song Dynasties Compared
Tang Only
Expanded the
empire,
had a female
ruler,
adopted
Buddhism
Both
Prospered
through trade,
improved
agriculture,
created great
art and
literature
Song Only
Ruled smaller
empire,
developed into
great sea power,
created paper
money and
movable type
Exit Slip:
How did the Song and
Tang Dynasties impact
China?