Transcript kublai khan
HISTORY of CHINA Dynasties Zhou Qin (Shi Huangdi) Han ** Tang & Song Yuan (Mongols) Ming Qing (Manchus) Shi Huandi (First Emperor) Dynastic Cycle New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven Mandate of Heaven PROBLEMS Floods & natural disasters Foreign invasions Peasants suffering increases Armed bandits roam land Peasants rebel GOOD TIMES Fair laws land to peasants Repair of defenses Economy Strong AGING DYNASTY Public works projects ignored Wars with foreigners lost Taxes increase – burden falls on poor Defensive walls in state of disrepair Zhou Dynasty Han Dynasty Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty THE MONGOL EMPIRE GOVERNMENT Divided into clans or KHANATES Each Khanate was ruled by a Chief CHIEF = ______________ GENGHIS KHAN Father was poisoned Kidnapped as a boy Escaped and went on to… UNITE ALL THE MONGOL CLANS THE MONGOLS UNDER GENGHIS KHAN In doing so, Genghis Khan began building the ________________ land empire in the history of the world!!! Do you know who built the largest empire ever? MONGOL EXPANSION Towns and cities surrendered to the Mongols BEFORE they even attacked!! WHAT WOULD CAUSE THIS?!?! MONGOL EXPANSION BRUTAL RAPED, PILLAGED, and BURNED everything! Killed thousands! Psychological Warfare – Spread Rumors GENGHIS KHAN’S LEGACY Genghis Khan died in 1227 Mongol Empire divided into HUGE Khanates with ONE leader = THE GREAT KHAN GENGHIS KHAN’S LEGACY ____________________ Genghis Khan’s grandson THE GREAT KHAN Allowed the Chinese to maintain their Culture under the KUBLAI KHAN GOOD LEADER BUT ALSO HARSH INCREDIBLY WEALTHY FUNDED MASSIVE CIVIL WORKS PROGRAMS MANY INVENTIONS DURING HIS REIGN VISITORS TO CHINA The first European to venture into the KHAN’s court was ____________________ From Venice, Italy Visited Kublai Khan and worked in his court for 17 years Returned in 1295 Wrote a book of his travels while in prison TRADE WITH CHINA FROM CHINA Tea Porcelain China Silk From Britain Gold Silver To Trade with China Pay Tribute Kow Tow Gold and Silver Trade - one port Ships - leave by nightfall BRITISH PLAN Secretly sell Opium Comes from the poppy plant Processed to make Morphine and Heroine (2 of the deadliest & most addictive drugs) CHINESE MEN SMOKING OPIUM OPIUM WARS 1839 – Chinese officials had large quantities of British opium destroyed British responded by launching an attack RESULTS of the OPIUM WAR Treaty of Nanjing - Chinese forced to sign (1842) Opened 5 more ports to European trade Allowed Britain to legally trade opium British criminals could be tried in Britain China’s Problems Continue Over the next 50 years, China’s power decreased Lost a war with Japan Lost control of land to European countries China needed to modernize Empress Dowager Put Puyi on throne (3 yr old) The Last Emperor Puyi Emperor Puyi Empress Wan Rong 1928 THE FALL OF THE DYNASTIES REBELLION Taiping Rebellion (1850-1865) secession led to 20 - 30 million deaths deadliest conflicts EVER Boxer Rebellion (1899-1901) (Society of Right and Harmonious Fists ) restore China’s glory martial arts Attacked Christians & foreigners Foreign powers suppressed the Chinese military Nationalist Radicals Qing forced to abdicate 1912 China a REPUBLIC Sun Yat-sen Nationalists NATIONALISTS vs. COMMUNISTS Kuomintang (KMT) Communists (Reds) The Long March CHINESE CIVIL WAR The Long March Communists, under the command of Mao Zedong, traveled 8,000 miles in 370 days Rallied support from the peasants along the way Thousands died! WWII (1937-1945) Japanese Invasion The Rape of Nanking Chairman Mao Mao Zedong The People’s Republic Full Equality Communism Cult of Personality Great Leap Forward 1958-1960 2nd Five Year Plan Modernize Collectivization Disasters: Over-focus on production Locust swarm Yellow River Flood Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976 Red Guards Little Red Book Re-education Cultish figure -> God-like status Mao Died 1976 Suppression of Religion Tibetan Buddhism Falun Gong Suppression of Free Speech Tiananmen Square Massacre