Transcript The History of East & Southeast Asia

The History of
East & Southeast
Asia
Chapters 27.2 and 30.2
China
• Culture begins in Wei River Valley
– No written records at this time
– 3,000 BCSome say is even much older
• Shang Dynasty (1600-1100 BC)
– In N. China Plain
– Falls to inner rebellions, nomad invaders, and
natural disasters
** Dynasties followed Mandate of Heaven & Dynastic Cycle **
China
• Zhou Dynasty (1100-200 BC)
– Spread Chinese culture
(Golden Age)
– Iron tools
– Confucianism & Daoism
(Taoism)
(will discuss further w/ culture)
Man Mo Temple in
Hong Kong
(Taoist)
China
• Qin Dynasty (200s BC)
– Expanded territory even further united
China
– Began Great Wall- military protection
China
• Han Dynasty (200 BC-200 AD
– Cont’d Great Wall
– Records of history greatly improved
• Tang Dynasty (600-900 AD)
– Saw “Renaissance” period (govn’t & art
Δs)
– Cont’d Great Wall
– Buddhism grew
China
• Song Dynasty (900-1200s)
– Period of peace, trade & educ. advances
– Fell to Mongols
• Ming Dynasty (1400-1600s)
– 1st to have Eur. traders come in
• Porcelain vases
– Zheng He reaches E. Africa
China
• Qing Dynasty (1600-1900s)
– Last to rule as dynasty
– Minority group- Manchu (not Han)
– Faced many rebellions and wars
• Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864
• Opium Wars 1830s-1850s
• Guangzhou port forced to be opened
to West (1834)
China
• Spheres of influence
– claimed in China by
Europe and Japan
(1890-1899)
• Forced to be open to all
for trade
• Revolution ended rule of
Qing Dynasty (1911)
China
• Mao Zedong & the
Communist Party
– 1927-1949
• Military Nationalist Party
forms civil war with
Communists win (PRC),
Nationalists flee to Taiwan
(ROC)
China
• Late 1900s
–Tibet taken over in 50s Dalai
Lama and Tibetans flee
–Strict communist rule eventually
turn to free market
–Taiwan grows strong as democracy
w/ export economy
• 1200 BC
Korea
– Chinese culture spreads
– Buddhism becomes main religion
– Silla & Koryo Dynasties rule under
united Korea
Pulguk
Temple (Silla)
Tombs to Silla
royalty
Korea
• 1300 AD
– China takes Korean Peninsula
• Confucianism = basis for Korean govn’t &
daily life
– Often fought over by China & Mongols
– For next ~600 yrs:
• Constantly invaded, faced famines  turns
to China, but Japan halts aid Japanese
colony in 1910 turns to Russian ideals
Korea
• 1950-1953
– Divided in 1948: Russia helped North, US helped
South get back on feet  Communist conflict N
invaded S (Korean War) US backed South
– Ended in stalemate
• 2000
– Still separate @ cease-fire line
– N in despair, S is prosperous
– Peace talks held, but nothing
accomplished
Japan
– No recorded history until late 600s BC
– Set up in individual clans until 400 AD
• Yamato Dynasty unites country (400)
• Ruled with feudal system
– Adopted cultural aspects from China &
Korea
– Many today consider Yamato the ethnic
group for most Japanese
Japan
• 1100 AD
– Armies weaken dynasty rule
– Replaced with shoguns
• Minamoto 1st shogun
• 1100s-1800s
– Samurais help shoguns
rule, as professional
warriors
– All foreign contact is outlawed (isolationism)
Japan
• 1854
– US Officer Perry helped end
isolation by opening ports
• Forced to sign unfair treaties
• Later 1800s
– Meiji Restoration: major Δs  back to
imperial rule
Japan
• 1890-1940s
– Imperial Japan begins
• Takes Taiwan, Manchuria,
Korea (colony)
• Nanking Massacre, 1937
• This expansion led to
conflict w/ U.S.
• 1945
– Defeated in WWII
– Lost overseas territory
– Works toward democracy
Japan
• Late 1900s
– Now global
economic
power
• Trade and
business
Mongolia & Taiwan
• Mongolia was communist until 1991
(thanks USSR)…moved to
democracy with free market
• “Tale of Two Chinas”
summary…please share
Early Civilizations
•
SE Asian skills & traditions
– Advanced farming, animal
domestication/ livestock, metalwork
(Thailand 1st = bronze), power & $ thru
maternal side
•
Early Development
– Maritime trade (seafaring), or just
crops for land based countries
Funan Kingdom
• Indian traders set up posts in Gulf of
Thailand,
– Blend SE Asn & Indn culture (Hinduism/
central govn’t)
• Maritime traders, intense irrigation
system
Khmer Empire
• Along Mekong R. (almost all
Indochina Pen, & N. Malay Pen)
• System of lakes, canals, irrigation
channels  3-4 crops ea. yr.
• Angkor Wat
– Hindu temple & tomb for
Khmer ruler, built 800 yrs
ago
Srivijaya Empire
• Island of Sumatra
• Navy controlled
valuable straits &
taxed traders
(Singapore’s
econ. based on
same straits)
• China  Vietnam
– Writing system, religion & philosophy, govn’t
(communism later on)
• Islam  SE Asia
– Traders = Conversion in coastal areas
interior areas
– Malacca is impt cultural center for Muslims
• Spheres of Influence SE Asia
– Most countries owned, become rivals
– Buffer state of Siam created
Western Control
• Netherlands: Indonesia
• UK: Burma, Malaysia, Singapore,
Brunei
• France: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
• US: Philippines (gain thru war)
• Thailand remained free
Western Control
• Pros– Transportation improvements; expanded
industry (mining, oil); created
commercial plantations  production
soared
• Cons– Plantation profit went to West, forced to
wk on plantations for little $, many
immigrants brought in for labor;
increased military conflict
WWII
• All Westerners forced out by imperialist
Japan
• After war, and Japan’s defeat, France
wanted control back of Vietnam…
– Prelude to Vietnam War
• US would stand up against anything
communist (North Vietnam, North Korea,
China, USSR, Cuba, Cambodia)
Vietnam War
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France: kicked out by northern communist (1954)
Ho Chi Minh: led northern Vietnam
Ngo Dinh Diem: led southern Vietnam
Viet Cong: communist rebels in the south
Gulf of Tonkin: attack here brought US in to war
Agent Orange: chemical used to kill jungle
Guerilla Tactics: Viet Cong had power in jungle
Richard Nixon: Withdrew troops, partly due to
protest
• “boat people”: Millions fled after, most died
Governments
• List the types of govn’ts.
– Constitutional Monarchy:
Brunei/Cambodia/Malaysia/Thailand
– Communist: Laos/Vietnam
– Dem. Rep.: Indonesia/ Philippines/
Singapore
– Military: Myanmar?
» Now democratic; presidential republic