Transcript document

BELLWORK – 5/2
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is containment?
Describe the Cold War Arms Race.
How did the Arms Race end?
What is Sputnik? Why is it important?
List one achievement made by the U.S. and Soviet
Union during the Space Race.
6. In your opinion, who do you think won the Space
Race?
7. THINKER: Look at the nuclear battlefield map on pg.
661. What was the purpose of the DEW Line? Why
do you think they built it in Northern Canada?
BELLWORK – 5/4
1. Who were the Kuomintang?
2. Why was the Kuomintang unpopular?
3. Who was Mao Zedong? Why did people support
him?
4. What was the Long March?
5. What was the outcome of the Chinese Communist
Revolution?
6. THINKER: As you know, containment (stopping the
spread of communism) is one of America’s main
priorities during the Cold War. Which area should
the U.S. focus on “containing” first? Eastern
Europe, (Poland/Czech), the Caribbean (Cuba) or
Southeast Asia (China/Vietnam). Why is
communism the most dangerous in this area?
Explain your answer!
Bin Laden’s Death
• Founder and leader of al Qaeda who orchestrated the
September 11th attacks; killing about 3,000 people.
• Monday morning Bin Laden was found by American troops in
Pakistan.
• 30 miles north of Pakistani capital, Islamabad.
• His killing was the culmination of years of intelligence work and
following leads
• The key break involved one of the few couriers trusted by bin
Laden. About two years ago, intelligence work identified where
the courier and his brother lived and operated in Pakistan
• CIA determined in January that bin Laden was at this same
location.
• Operation organized by the U.S. government was meant to kill
him; did not want him alive.
• President Obama authorized the operation on Friday April 29th.
• Bin Laden’s body was later buried at sea, per Muslim tradition.
• http://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/02/bin.laden.dead
Cold War Conflicts
• What is a Cold War?
• As you know, the Soviet Union and United States
never met in armed conflict during the Cold War.
• Instead, they used other countries to fight the
communism vs. democracy battle.
• China, Cuba, Vietnam & Korea
• These four countries were central to Cold War
conflicts.
• Soviet Union wanted to establish communism, and
America wanted to stop it from spreading.
• This caused both superpowers to send aide/troops to
the unstable countries.
Cold War Conflict: China
• Background:
• Kuomintang
– Anti-Communist
– Started by Sun Yat-Sen
– Under revolution, led by Chiang Kai-Sheik
– Imposed heavy taxes; not supported by poor
• Chinese Communist Party
– Led by Mao Zedong
– Heavily supported peasants & lower classes
– Created Red Army
Kuomintang Party
Sun Yat- Sen
Chiang Kai- Shek
Chinese Communist Party
Mao Zedong
Start of Revolution
• Chiang started a purge of
communist government
officials
• Killed 2,000 men
• As a response, Zedong
started the Red Army to
support peasants and fight
against the Kuomintang.
• The peasants and lower
classes joined to show their
support for Zedong.
The Chinese Red Army
Mao Zedong’s Tactics
The enemy
advances, we
retreat.
The enemy camps,
we
harass.
Mao’s Tactics
The enemy tires, we
attack.
The enemy retreats,
we pursue.
Six Principles of the Red Army
Put back all doors when you
leave a house.
Rice-stalk mattresses must all
be bundled up again and
returned.
Be polite. Help people when
you can.
Give back everything you
borrow, even if its only a
needle.
Pay for all things broken, even
if only a chopstick.
Don’t help yourself or search
for things when people are
not in their homes.
The Long March
• In 1933 the Kuomintang
launched an attack & blockade
on the communists that were in
Jiangxi.
• Within a year, the Red Army had
lost 50% of their territory and
60,000 soldiers.
• In 1934, Zedong started The
Long March which was a
retreat to another communist
city, Ya’nan.
• The March allowed the Red
Army to retreat and wear down
Kuomintang troops.
• Only 10% survived the year long
March, but communism
prevailed!
Cold War Support
• America supported the
Kuomintang because
they were more accepting
of democracy.
• Soviets supported
Zedong and his quest to
establish communism.
• After China falls to
communism, they aide
other countries in
establishing communist
governments (North
Korea, North Vietnam)
Outcome
• The Kuomintang was weak
with corruption and
unpopularity.
• Chiang Kai-Sheik fled to
Taiwan.
• Mao Zedong won the
Chinese Revolution.
• Established the Republic of
China under his control.
• China is officially
communist.
Cold War Conflicts
• In groups of 3, each member will read about
one Cold War conflict.
• China, Cuba, Korea, Vietnam
• As you read, you will independently fill in your
section of the graphic organizer.
• Once everyone in your group is finished, you
will teach the other members about your conflict
• As you share the information, you will complete
the rest of the graphic organizer.
• Be ready to discuss with the class!
Cold War Conflicts
• Cuba: 580-582
• Korea: 682-684
• Vietnam: 685-688
Cold War Conflict: Cuba
• Background:
• Fulgencio Batista
became the dictator of
Cuba in 1952
• Batista became
increasingly
unpopular
– Poverty
– Allowed U.S. to control
mines, oil & sugar
industry
Communist Revolution
• In 1956, Fidel Castro led a
guerrilla movement
attacking Batista’s forces
• Fought with communist
supporters and guerrillas
from Mexico
– Che Guevara
• January 1, 1959 – Batista
fled Cuba, leaving Castro to
take over.
• Cuba does not declare itself
communist until 2 years
later.
Cold War Support
• When Castro came to power, he took control of
all businesses, including foreign businesses
(U.S.)
• America refused to acknowledge Castro as the
leader of Cuba
– Caused Cuba to declare themselves communist
• Cuba looked towards the Soviet Union for
support.
• Castro and Khrushchev worked closely together
throughout the rest of the Cold War.
Relations with the United States
• At this point, neither the U.S. nor Cuba is cooperative
with one another.
• Bay of Pigs Invasion: CIA & La Brigada try to
overthrow Castro with approval from U.S. President
Kennedy.
• The plan was a failure!
– Castro captures hundreds of La Brigada
– The airstrike is cancelled by President Kennedy
• Castro and U.S. cut off all ties
– No trade, travel, business
• Cuba is now a communist dictatorship under the
control of Fidel Castro
Cold War Conflict: Korea
• Background:
• After WWII, Korea was divided along the 38th
parallel
• These divisions were temporary, because
elections were scheduled for 1950
• When it was time for elections, the two sides
supported different leaders so it remained
divided.
• North Korea: communist, led by Kim Il Sung
• South Korea: democracy, led by Kim Young
Sam
Beginning of Korean War
• In June 1950, North Korea
invaded the South hoping
to unify the country under
communism.
• Inchon Invasion: UN
sends in troops to help the
South and pushes them
back to the Chinese
border.
• China sends in troops to
help the North and pushes
them back to the 38th
parallel.
• The war remains a
stalemate
Cold War Support
• North Korea is aided by
the Soviet Union and
China (Communism!)
• South Korea is aided by
the United States and
UN (Democracy!)
• General Douglas
MacArthur is in control
of U.S. forces.
End of Korean War
• In 1953, an
armistice was
signed which
ended the
Korean War.
• Korea remained
divided
Aftermath of Korean War
• There were four million
total deaths.
• 33,600 Americans
• 16,000 UN
• 415,000 South Koreans
• 520,000 North Koreans
• 900,000 Chinese
• Half of Korea’s industry
& 1/3 of homes were
destroyed.
Cold War Conflict:
Vietnam
• Background:
• In 1884, France colonized
Vietnam.
• IN 1954, Vietnam won their
independence from France
(supported by U.S.)
• Geneva Accords: 1954
agreement that divided
Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
• Division was temporary and
elections were scheduled for
1956.
Beginning of Vietnam War
• In 1956, the South
refused to allow elections,
so Vietnam remained
divided.
• North: communist, lead
by Ho Chi Minh
• South: democratic, lead
by Ngo Diem
• Viet Cong: Guerillas in
the South that supported
the communist North and
Ho Chi Minh.
The Domino Theory
• The Domino Theory: the fear that if one
Southeast Asian nation fell to Communism,
the others would also fall.
• I.E: If Vietnam fell to Communism, because
of its location, Cambodia, Laos, Burma and
Thailand would also be in danger.
U.S. Involvement
• In August 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo
boats attacked U.S. destroyers in the Gulf of
Tonkin.
• Due to the attack, Congress passed the Gulf of
Tonkin Resolution which authorized Johnson
to take military action in Vietnam.
• Once in Vietnam, the U.S. supported the
assassination of Diem
– Very unpopular in South Vietnam due to harsh
religious policies and corruption.
– Diem’s successors were also unpopular
Cold War Support
• North: Viet Cong,
China (money,
weapons & troops),
Soviet Union (aide)
• South: United States
• Not supported by
American citizens!
Vietcong
Underground
Tunnels
Conditions in Vietnam War
Guerilla Warfare
Agent
Orange
End of Vietnam War
• Tet Offensive: attack on South Vietnam, lead
by the Viet Cong.
• War was very costly for both sides, and neither
was advancing.
• In 1973, an armistice was signed and the U.S.
pulled out of Vietnam
• In 1975, the North broke the peace agreement
and invaded the South.
• They won and unified Vietnam under
communism.
CLOSURE
• With a partner, come up with similarities
between all the Cold War Conflicts:
• China
• Cuba
• Korea
• Vietnam
• Be ready to discuss!