Transcript The Circulatory System

The Circulatory System
What is the purpose of the
circulatory system?
What is the purpose of the
circulatory system?
• To move materials through out the body:
– Oxygen
– Carbon dioxide & other wastes
– Nutrients
– Hormones
– Antibodies
What are the 3 types of
circulation?
What are the 3 types of circulation?
• System – between heart to body systems
• Pulmonary – between heart & lungs
• Coronary – between heart & heartS
What is coronary circulation?
What is coronary circulation?
• The flow of blood to and from the tissues
of the heart
• When the coronary circulation is blocked,
oxygen and nutrients cannot reach all the
cells of the heart. This can cause a heart
attack
What is coronary circulation?
• The heart receives the oxygen and
nutrients that it needs from the blood
• The blood also carries away wastes from
the heart's cells
What is pulmonary circulation?
What is pulmonary circulation?
• The flow of blood through the heart to the
lungs and back to the heart
Trace the pathway of blood from
heart to lungs and back.
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
A. Blood, high in
carbon dioxide and
low in oxygen,
returns from the
body to the heart.
It enters the right
atrium through the
superior and
inferior vena
cavae.
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
B. The right atrium contracts,
forcing the blood into the
right ventricle. When the
right ventricle contracts,
the blood leaves the heart
and goes through the
pulmonary artery to the
lungs. The pulmonary
arteries are the only
arteries that carry blood
that is high in carbon
dioxide
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
C. Oxygen-rich blood
travels from the lungs
through the pulmonary
vein and into the left
atrium. The pulmonary
veins are the only
veins that carry
oxygen-rich blood.
Trace the pathway of blood
from heart to lungs and back.
D. The left atrium
contracts and forces
the blood into the left
ventricle. The left
ventricle contracts,
forcing the blood out
of the heart and into
the aorta.
What are the functions of the
systemic circulation system in
your body?
What are the functions of
the systemic circulation
system in your body?
It moves oxygenated (oxygen-rich) blood to
organs and body tissues.
It returns un-oxygenated (oxygen-poor) blood
to the heart.
List the parts of the circulatory
(or cardiovascular) system:
List the parts of the circulatory
(or cardiovascular) system:
• Heart
• Blood vessels
– Arteries
– Veins
– Capillaries
• Blood
Compare & contrast the three
types of blood vessels.
Compare & contrast the three types
of blood vessels.
• All 3 blood vessels transport (move)
blood.
• Capillaries are only one cell thick.
• Arteries & vein have 3 layers.
• Veins have valves.
Compare & contrast the three types
of blood vessels.
• Arteries carry blood away from the
heart.
• Veins carry blood to the heart.
• Capillaries connect arteries & veins.
• Diffusion takes place in capillaries.
Describe arteries
Describe arteries
• Blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart
• Have thick, elastic walls made of
connective tissue and smooth muscle
tissue
Describe veins
Describe veins
• Blood vessels that carry blood back to the
heart
• Have one-way valves that keep blood
moving toward the heart
What is blood pressure?
What is blood pressure?
The force of the blood on the walls of the
blood vessels.
What is the purpose of blood
vessels?
What is the purpose of blood
vessels?
• Blood vessels carry the blood to every part
of your body
What does blood do?
What does blood do?
• Blood moves oxygen and nutrients to cells
• Carries carbon dioxide and other wastes
away from the cells
• Sometimes the blood carries substances
made in one part of the body to another
part of the body where they are needed
What is the heart?
What is the heart?
• An organ made of cardiac muscle tissue
Describe the heart
Describe the heart
• Located behind your breastbone, called
the sternum, and between your lungs
• Has four compartments called chambers
– The two upper chambers are called the right
and left atria
– The two lower chambers are called the right
and left ventricles
Describe the heart
• During one heartbeat, both atriums
contract at the same time
• Then, both ventricles contract at the same
time
• A one-way valve separates each atrium
from the ventricle below it
Describe the heart
• The blood flows only in one direction from an
atrium to a ventricle, then from a ventricle into a
blood vessel
• A wall prevents blood from flowing between the
two atriums or the two ventricles
• This wall keeps blood rich in oxygen separate
from blood low in oxygen
• If oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood
were to mix, your body's cells would not get all
the oxygen they need
Review Time
• List four main functions of the transport
system
Label the parts in the given
diagram
The circulatory system is
composed of
• A) the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
• B. the heart, the brain, and the lungs.
• C. the lungs, the blood, and the blood
vessels.
• D. the brain, the heart, and the blood
vessels.
What is the largest blood
vessel?
• A. Aorta.
• B. Artery.
• C. Capillary.
• D. Veins.
Where do arteries carry blood?
• A. To the heart.
• B. Away from the heart.
What links the arteries to the
veins?
• A. Muscle.
• B. Capillaries.
• C. Aorta.
Which type of blood vessels carries blood away
from the heart?
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Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Arteries, veins and capillaries
What is the main job of the red corpuscles in the
blood?
• A) To clot blood
b) To fight disease
c) To transport oxygen to the body's cells
and carry away carbon dioxide from the
cells
d) To transport carbon dioxide to the
body's cells and
carry away oxygen from the cells
The liquid part of the blood is
called
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Plasma
Tissue
Platelet
Blood
What type of cells make up the solid part of the
blood?
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Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
All of the above
in the heart, the ___________________ pumps
blood out.
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Atrium
Ventricle
Capillaries
vein
Why do capillaries have thin
walls?
• So they can stretch
• So blood can pass through them
• So gases and nutrients can pass through
them to cells
• So they can bend
What happens if donor blood is not matched to the
receiver?
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Blood cells turn red
Blood cells break apart
Blood cells clump together
Blood cells turn into plasma
What type of cells carry oxygen
in the blood?
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a.Red blood cells
b.White blood cells
c.Platelets
d.Leukocytes
What type of blood vessel takes the blood back
into the heart?
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Arteries
Veins
Arterioles
Pulmonary arteries
Where is hemoglobin found?
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Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Which blood vessel takes blood away from the
heart to the lungs?
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Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
capillaries
Which of the four chambers of the heart pumps
oxygenated blood for systemic circulation?
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Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Aorta
This is where the cellular parts
of the blood are formed
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a.Bone Marrow
b.Bone Tissues
c.Aorta
d.Vena Cava
Distinguish between
• Arteries and veins
• Open circulatory and closed circulatory
system
Complete
• __________ artery supplies blood to the
muscles of the heart
• Pulmonary artery
• Coronary artery
• Coronary sinus
• Carotid artery
Which chamber of the heart has
the thickest wall
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Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Fill in the blanks
• The valve present between right atrium
and right ventricle is __________
• ---------- is the largest artery.
• Mitral valve is present between ________
and _________ ventricle
• -------is the contraction of heart chambers;
-------is their relaxation.
• The hormone _________ controls the
heart beat
Briefly explain the passage of
blood through the heart
• Briefly explain the pulmonary and systemic
circuit
Answer the following
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Name the atrioventricular valves.
Where are the semilunar valves present?
Briefly explain the cardiac cycle
Name any two cardiac disease and
explain any one them. (cause, effect, and
prvention)
• _____________ is also known as the
pacemaker of the heart
Which of the following has a
closed circulatory system?
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Spider
Insect.
Snail.
Earthworm.
Clam.
Which heart chamber supplies
oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?
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Right atrium
Left atrium.
Right ventricle
Left ventricle.
In which vertebrate does one see a partial
partition in the ventricle?
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Fishes
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals.
Which set of chambers supplies blood to
the pulmonary circulation?
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The atria
The ventricles
The right atrium and right ventricle
The left atrium and left ventricle
In humans, the tricuspid valve is found
Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
• Between the right ventricle and the
pulmonary trunk
• Between the left atrium and the left
ventricle
• Between the left atrium and the aorta
Which of the following has a
heart with only two chambers?
• Which of the following has a heart with
only two chambers?
• Humming bird
• Human
• Goldfish
• Bullfrog
• Cat
In a mammal, blood with a low oxygen content enters
the ----------- of the heart.
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Right atrium.
Right ventricle.
Left atrium.
Left ventricle.
Aorta.
How long does the average red
blood cell live?
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90 days
100 days.
120 days.
150 days.
It depends upon the amount of oxygen
and the amount of hemoglobin the cell
carries.
Erythroblastosis fetalis is a pathology that
• Occurs when an Rh negative mother
carries an Rh positive fetus.
• Occurs when an Rh positive mother
carries an Rh negative fetus.
• Never affects the first fetus that a
mother carries.
• Both A and C are correct.
• Both B and C are correct.
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Erythrocytes are produced in the
Bone marrow.
Liver
Spleen
Heart.
Choose the correct answer
• Which of the following is delivered from
the small intestine to the bloodstream
through the lymphatic system?
• Amino acids.
• Proteins.
• Glucose
• Lipids.
•
Atherosclerosis
• Reduces blood flow in arteries.
• Is another name for high blood
pressure.
• Is a condition of the veins.
• Is caused by a diet high in salt.
• Causes a loss of plaque from the walls
of the arteries.
Which of the following contains oxygenated blood
in an adult human?
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Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
All of the above
None of the above
• Materials are exchanged between the
blood and the surrounding tissues in the
• Arteries
• Veins
• Capillaries
• All of the above
Which one of the following series represents the correct
path of blood circulation?
• left atrium, left ventricle, lungs, right
atrium, right ventricle, body
• right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left
atrium, left ventricle, body
• left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right
ventricle, lungs, body
• right atrium, lungs, right ventricle, left
atrium, body, left ventricle
The rhythmic beating of the
heart is initiated by the
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Atrium
SA Node
Atrioventricular node
Purkinje fibres
Bundle of His
• Blood flows from the pulmonary veins
into the:
• (a) pulmonary arteries;
• (b) right atrium;
• (c) lungs;
• (d) left atrium;
• e) left ventricle
•
Reference
• Your text book
• Make use of the Power point presentation
on Transport system/circulation posted in
the Wikispace