Transcript The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular
System
Pharmacology
Ch. 12
The Cardiovascular System

Heart
– Pumps the blood through the blood vessels

Blood Vessels
– Carries the blood
– Arteries and Veins

Blood
– Carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones and
waste products to and from the cells
Heart



Central organ
Located in chest cavity between the lungs
Large muscle that:
– Initiates systemic arterial pulse waves
– Causes blood to circulate throughout body
– To supply nutrients and oxygen

Made up of three layers
– Endocardium
– Myocardium
– Epicardium

Pericardium
– Protective membrane sac
How the Heart Works
 Right
Side
–Pumps blood from the
body to the lungs
 Left
Side
–Pumps blood from the
lungs to the body
The Four Chambers of the Heart

Upper Chambers (Atria)
– Receiving chambers
 Left Atrium
 Right Atrium

Lower Chambers
– Pumping Chambers
 Left Ventricle
 Right Ventricle

Septum-Separates the Left and Right
Right Side





Vena Cava
– Superior
– Inferior
Right Atrium
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Arteries
Coronary arteries–
supply heart with
oxygen
Right Side Cont.
 Atrioventricular
Valve (AV) or
Tricuspid
 Semilunar Valve
(SV) or Pulmonary
Left Side
Pulmonary
Veins
 Left
Atrium
 Left Ventricle
Aorta
Left Side Cont.
 AV
– Mitral or Bicuspid
 SV
– Aortic
Anatomy of the Heart
Blood Oxygenation
Cardiac Cycle

Phase 1
– Systole –Contraction

Phase 2
– Diastole-Relaxation

Mummer
Cardiac Cycle Cont
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
 Atrioventricular Node (AV)

Cardiac Cycle Cont.
Normal Heart Rate = 60-80
 Sinus rhythm- Normal rhythm
 Bradycardia< 60 beats a minute
 Tachycardia> 100 beats a minute-normal
during exercise or stress.

Blood Vessels
Arteries
– Aorta
– Arterioles
 Capillaries

– exchange oxygen and
nutrients

Veins
– Venules
Flow of Blood from the Heart
Aorta
Arteries
Arterioles
 Capillaries
 Venules
 Veins
 Vena Cava
 Right Atrium
 Left Ventricle
 Pulmonary Arteries
 Lungs
 Pulmonary Veins
 Left Atrium
 Left Ventricle
 Aorta



Blood Pressure
A measure of force that blood exerts
against a vessel wall.
 Controlled by the

– Nervous System
– Kidneys
Categories for Blood Pressure
Levels in Adults
(Ages 18 Years and Older)
Blood Pressure Level Category
Systolic Diastolic
Normal
< 120 and < 80
Prehypertension
120-139 or 80-89
High Blood Pressure
Stage 1 Hypertension 140–159 or 90–99
Stage 2 Hypertension 160
or 100
Blood

The Two main functions
– transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells
– carry carbon dioxide and waste materials away from
the cells.

Blood also transfers heat to the body surface
and plays a role in defending the body against
disease.
Blood Cont
 Plasma
 Blood
Cells and Solids
– RBC
– WBC
– Platelets
Blood Types
What is the most common blood type?
The approximate distribution of blood types in the US population is as follows.
Distribution may be different for specific racial and ethnic groups:
O+ 38 percent
O - 7 percent - Universal Donor
A + 34 percent
A - 6 percent
B + 9 percent
B - 2 percent
AB + 3 percent Universal Recipient
AB - 1 percent
The End!