Transcript Unit 3 - Wsimg.com

Unit 3
Human Resource
Development
PHR 18% - SPHR 19%
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Card
Game
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2
Introduction & Instructions
1 Training and Development
2 Principles of Learning
3 Theories
4 Setting Up a Classroom
5 Evaluating Training
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3
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Every organization, regardless of size, needs
well-trained employees. Explain the
difference between training and education.
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Training refers to the
acquisition of specific
skills or knowledge.
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Education is more
general and attempts
to provide students
with general
knowledge that can
be applied in many
different settings.
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Explain the difference between
explicit and tacit knowledge.
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Explicit knowledge refers to knowledge that can be
formalized, codified, and communicated. This kind of
knowledge is found in manuals, formulas, and task
specifications.
Tacit knowledge refers to personal knowledge based
on individual experience and is much more difficult to
explain to others.
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What are the top five most important
skills needed by newly hired
employees?
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2.
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4.
5.
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Professionalism
Teamwork
Oral communication
Ethics and social responsibility
Reading comprehension.
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What do successful training
programs achieve?
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Improve the quality & quantity of productivity.
Reduce the learning time.
Attitudes, loyalty, & cooperation.
HR planning requirements.
Reduce the number & cost of accidents.
Personal development & advancement.
Response to market conditions & changing
consumer demands.
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In designing a training program,
what strategic training issues
should be addressed?
Why should an organization sponsor a training &
development program?
What types of training & development should be
offered?
Who will be trained?
Who will supply the training & development?
How is training evaluated?
What incentives will motivate the trainees to learn?
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What is the strategic purpose of
training and development?
The strategic purpose of training and development
is to ensure that the work force has the skills
necessary to meet the organization’s goals and
objectives.
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How is training paid for in most
organizations?
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A fixed amount is allocated to the training
department each year.
Training costs come from the operating budget.
The operating departments contract with the
training department to provide training.
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Why is it important to do a Return On
Investment calculation for training?
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Justifies the training function by showing the
value of training to the bottom line.
Helps training department assess itself internally
and make adjustments.
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ADDIE is an acronym for what?
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A
Assessment
D
Design
D
Development
I
Implementation
E
Evaluation
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What does an organizational
analysis do?
Organizational
analysis examines the
kinds of problems an
organization is
experiencing and
where they are
located.
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Tell the story about Pavlov’s
Dog, how it relates to the
workplace and training.
Classical Conditioning
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Explain Social Cognitive
theory and how it relates to
vicarious learning.
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Social cognitive theory: behavior is influenced by the
consequences of the behavior. Responses that are rewarded are
more likely to occur in the future, while responses that are punished
probably will be terminated. Social cognitive theory emphasizes the
importance of vicarious learning, symbolic thinking, and selfregulatory processes in understanding human behavior.
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Vicarious learning, also called imitative learning, refers to the
process of learning by observing others—watching how they behave
and seeing the consequences that they experience from their
behavior.
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What is Andragogy? What are
the key principles?
Andragogy-Adult Learning Theory
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Learning is experienced-based.
Learning is problem-centered.
Learning is enhanced by active participation.
Learning is collaborative.
Learning requires involvement.
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What are the principles of
learning and why are they
important?
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Stimulus: meaningful organization of materials
Response: practice and repetition
Motivation: reinforcement and active participation
Feedback: knowledge of results
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What are the 6 levels of learning?
1.
Knowledge
2.
Comprehension
3.
Application
4.
Analysis
5.
Synthesis
6.
Evaluation
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Explain the behavioral
objectives for SMART goals.
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S
Specific
M
Measurable
A
Action-oriented
R
Realistic
T
Timely
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of
on-site versus off-site training?
Onsite
 Convenient
 No travel time
 Available if needed to
staff
 Greater transfer of
training
 Work Distractions
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Offsite
 Able to focus without
distractions
 Think more broadly
 Creative Thinking
 Fresh Approach
 Problem solving
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Which seating arrangements
are best suited for which kinds
of training programs?
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Chevron
Theater
Banquet
U Shape
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Class Room
Circle
Classroom
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What criteria is used to evaluate
training effectiveness?
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Reactions
Learning
Behavior
Results
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Discuss the advantages &
disadvantages of each research
design.
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Post-test – only design (case study)
Pretest – post-test comparison
Pretest – post-test control group design
Post-test-only control group design
Solomon Four Group design
Time series design
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Separate sample pretest-post-test control group design
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Explain Talent Management
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An integrated series of activities that include recruiting,
selecting, motivating, training, promoting, and retaining
people.
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What should be in an orientation
design program?
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Working hours, including breaks and lunch hours.
Location of facilities, employee’s office, rest rooms, & eating places.
Special words & phrases used by the work group, abbreviations.
Paydays and how the person will be paid.
Health & safety considerations, such as safe operating procedures,
fire escapes, exits, first-aid supplies, location of the nurses station.
Information on whom to contact in case of problems or difficulties.
Information on parking, bus stops, car pooling.
Information about the phone system, such as how to be reached
from outside & how to call outside.
Sexual Harassment Prevention
Mentors, introductions, follow up, oral and written info
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Explain Career
Planning. Who is
responsible for career
planning?
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Career development programs help
people continue to grow and
develop after they begin their
employment. Many organizations
try to improve the quality of life at
work by helping employees
plan their careers.
The individual.
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Explain the relationship
between succession planning
and management development
programs.
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Every organization should have a succession
plan that identifies the potential replacements for
all key leadership positions and a management
development plan to ensure that those who are
identified as possible replacements are prepared
to assume the new responsibilities.
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What is an expatriate? What
special training is required?
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Managers who are assigned to work in a foreign
country, called expatriate managers, face
special challenges that go beyond just learning a
new language.
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Expatriate managers face special challenges.
 Problems
of adjustment
 Cross-cultural
 Culture
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training
shock
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What is OSHA and what does it
have to do with training?
Occupational Safety and Health Act
Mandatory safety training
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Why should employers do
Sexual Harassment Prevention
Training?
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In two cases of sexual harassment the Supreme Court
said that an employer can minimize its liability in a
harassment case if it can prove that it took “reasonable
steps to prevent harassment.”
 Faragher v. City of Boca Raton
 Burlington Industries Inc. v. Ellerth
Good for production
Higher profits
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Explain the difference between
Performance Evaluation and
Performance Management
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Performance management involves all of the
human resource functions ensuring future
success for an employee, motivate, promote
personal development
Performance evaluation measures past
performance and can be used to reward
employees or identify training needs.
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What should be included in a
performance appraisal?
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Accountability
Dependability
Organization Citizenship
Results
Behaviors
Knowledge
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What are some of the major
critcisms of performance
evaluations?
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Individual threat
Threat to supervisors
Defining performance
Halo/horn effect
Leniency-strictness
effect
Central-tendency effect
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Inter-rater reliability
Sequencing effect
Zero-sum problem
Numbers fetish
Recency effect
Biases subjective
evaluations
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Name as many types of
appraisals as you can.
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Essay
Bars
Graphic rating
scales
MBO
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Supervisor
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Peer
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Client
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Self
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Team
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Subordinate
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360-Degree
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Explain MBO.
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MBO is a performance evaluation procedure because
employees are required to develop specific, measurable
objectives and the extent to which they achieve these
objectives is evaluated and reported. At the same time,
however, MBO is also a philosophy of management that
emphasizes establishing individual and organizational
goals, delegating authority and responsibility, providing
feedback and assistance, and evaluating performance.
As a philosophy of management, MBO emphasizes a
results—oriented style of managing.
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How do we ensure defensible
evaluations?
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Identify objective, job-related criteria
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Document performance events
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Communicate performance standards
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Use reasonable care
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Train evaluators
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Define Change Management.
Define Change Agent.
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2.
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Change management is managing change. Change is
inevitable and is more effective when managed rather
than just letting whatever happen.
A change agent is someone who acts as a catalyst for
change within an organization.
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Why do most organizational
change efforts fail?
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Some of the most important reasons why change efforts do
not produce meaningful change are:
The change was not tied to the organization’s strategy.
The change was seen as a fad or quick fix.
The change involved grandiose expectations that were inconsistent with the economic and
political realities.
Those leading the change had a short-term perspective and provided inadequate
leadership.
There was a lack of measurable goals and timetables.
Those affected by the change were afraid of the unknown.
Those involved in the change lacked the necessary commitment to sustain the change.
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Name the 3 types of
organizational change and the
differences in their degree of
complexity.
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Developmental
Traditional
Transformation
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What are the 6 major targets of
organizational change and why
is it important to identify the
right targets?
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2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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the individual personality,
a dyad,
a work group,
a family group,
the entire organization or its’ divisions, and
organizational structure.
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Explain Kurt Lewin’s Force Field
Analysis and how it applies to learning.
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What are some other change
theories?
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Dalton’s
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Education
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Reinforcement
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Peer Group
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Inspiration of One’s Personal Example
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What are the 6 basic steps of
the Action Research Model?
Problem
Recognition
Data
Gathering
Feedback of
Data to
Target Group
Data
Discussion
& Diagnosis
Action
Planning
Action
Data
Gathering
Feedback of
Data to
Target Group
Data
Discussion
& Diagnosis
Action
Planning
Action
Process
Continues
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What is a learning organization
and what are it’s competitive
advantages?
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Seek, share and use new information to improve.
Modify their behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.
Examining their current programs and procedures to improve
their production processes and internal procedures.
examines causes of the problems to avoid future mistakes.
Stakeholder and customer feedback
Benchmarking is used to identify the best industry practices.
Ability to adapt to new challenges.
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What is an OD Intervention?
An OD intervention is a set of structured activities designed
to improve some aspect of organizational functioning.
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What is an interpersonal
intervention and when may it be
necessary?
Interpersonal interventions are directed primarily
toward individual learning, insight, and skill
building. They are designed to improve the
effectiveness of individuals and to contribute to
personal growth and adjustment.
 coaching and counseling
 sensitivity training
 process
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consultation
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What is a group intervention
and when may it be necessary?
 Group
diagnostic meetings
 Team-building
 Role
analysis technique
 Responsibility
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meetings
charting
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What is an intergroup
intervention and what are some
ways to fix it?
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Finding a common enemy
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Joint activities
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Rotating membership
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Conflict resolution meetings
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What is TQM?
Total Quality Management
The purpose of TQM is to reduce errors to zero and to
improve the quality of service.
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