Transcript Labor - Sallymundo.com

Labor
Formal v. Informal
Formal
Informal
Public sphere
Private sphere
Legitimate,
compensated
Expected, unrecognized
Accords status
Natural extension
Household duties
Household duties expected,
expected of ♀ = ‘second blended with work
shift’
Leisure gap for ♀
Leisure gap for ♀
Public Policy & ♀
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Unpaid, underpaid work
Disregard domestic obligations
Fewer dev. programs
Ignore value of ♀‘s work in informal sector
o Hard to quantify, measure
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Explanations for Gender Pay Gap
• Pinksourcing
• Lack role models
• Gender job segregation
o Access discrimination
o Horizontal & vertical
• Part-time
• Compensating differentials
o Cushier jobs
• Lack of legal literacy
• Home responsibilities
• Maternity leave (map); Parental leave
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Source of Payment
Pink- Unpaid
Blue- Employer Liability
Gold, Green, Yellow- Partly State
Red- Fully State
http://http://qz.com/167163/countries-without-paid-maternity-leave-swaziland-lesotho-papua-new-guinea-and-the-united-states-of-america/
Explanations for Gender Pay Gap
• Human capital
o Less to offer
• Gender stereotypes
• Organizational practices
o Norms
o Networking
• Sexual harassment
• Glass ceiling- video
o Concrete ceiling
o Sticky floor
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GN v. GS
• Formal sector issues similar
• Lack formal sector jobs in GS
• Fewer labor protections
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Benefits of Decreasing Pay Gap
• ↑ GDP
o ↑ standard of living
• ↑ tax base
• ↓ harassment
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Improvements
Social
• Feminist movement
• Technology
• Contraceptives
• Higher education
• Recognizing sexual harassment
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Improvements
Political - Policy changes
• Equal pay laws
• Quotas
• Paid maternity/paternity leave
• Preschool
• School hours, year
• Tax laws
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Improvements
Economic
• Service sector
• Break stereotypes
• Need to work
• Business changes
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Recap
• Formal v. informal sectors
• Pay gap
o Decreases benefits
• Social, political, economic changes
• Sets up next sections
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