Transcript PUNISHMENT

 Reinforcement
increases a behavior;
punishment does the opposite. A
punisher is any consequence that
decreases the frequency of a preceding
behavior.
 Negative
reinforcement encourages
behavior. When something unpleasant
ceases, the behavior that caused it to stop
is reinforced.
 Punishment
discourages behavior.
Behavior that is unwanted is punished,
making it less likely for that behavior to
continue.
4
Drawbacks of Physically Punishing
Children:
1) Punished behavior is suppressed not
forgotten.
2) Punishment teaches discrimination:
does the kid learn not to swear or just not
swear at home?
3) Punishment can teach fear: the child may
associate fear not only with the undesirable
behavior but also with the person that
delivered the punishment or the place
where it occurred.
4) Physical punishment may increase
aggressiveness by modeling
aggressiveness as a way to cope with
problems.
Were you spanked as a child?
Why or why not?
What reasons might parents have for NOT
spanking their children?
Where is the line between spanking and
child abuse?
Is spanking successful? Why or why not?
Recall an early childhood memory of
learning how to do something, like riding
a bike. How did you learn? What operant
conditioning techniques were used with
you?
 Shortly
before he died, Skinner spoke
about his resistance to “cognitive
science--thoughts, perceptions,
expectations, were not linked to the
world of behvorialism in his eyes.
There is evidence that there are some
cognitive processes at work with operant
conditioning.
Latent Learning: learning that occurs but
is not apparent until there is an incentive
to demonstrate it.
 Intrinsic
Motivation: a desire to perform a
behavior effectively for its own sake.
 Extrinsic
Motivation: a desire to perform
a behavior to receive promised rewards
or avoid threatened punishment.
 Insight: a
sudden and often novel
realization of the solution to a problem.