Transcript Opera
Opera By Marilyn Diaz, Sanaa Morris, Ian Mitchell, and Ethan Krassenstein History of Opera ❖ 16th and 17th century ➢ Opera began at the end of the 16th century in Italy. A group of people consisting of Florentine musicians and intellectuals were very interested in the concept of Ancient Greece. They liked and wanted to revive the concept of Ancient Greek tragedy and formed it to where the music was less important than the words. Creating Opera. Opera became popular all around Italy and eventually spread across Europe. ❖ 18th century ➢ In the 18th century opera changed for good. Two different of forms of opera were developed and produced. ❖ 19th century Ian Mitchell History Of Opera ❖ 20th century ➢ Opera in the 20th century continued the same trends as the late 19th century and did not change that much. ❖ 21st century ➢ Today opera is more diverse than it has ever been. Now the setting and staging has become very important and key elements of the newer productions. Also some of the great older productions are reinterpreted. Newer Opera production Ian Mitchell Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Characteristics of Opera ❖ Libretto - A Libretto is similar to a script, but is used for opera and incorporates music. Libretto translates to “little book.” ❖ Plots of librettos are very cliche dramas. This is partly because Operas are rarely translated and are generally always performed in the language it was written in. Cliche plotlines help people who don’t speak the language it was written in understand the story. ❖ In Operas, dialogue is spoken and sung. Depending on the opera, singing is continuous throughout the act or broken up into “numbers.” Recitative singing is used, which is a dramatic singing approach to speech. ❖ Costumes and set is very bold and dramatic Marilyn Diaz Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Characteristics of Opera ❖ Opera Sub Genres ➢ Opera Seria - Serious opera ➢ Opera Buffa - Comedic opera ❖ Most Operas are between one and four acts and can last up to four hours. Seria Buffa Marilyn Diaz Video: Claudio Monteverdi - L'Orfeo: Act 1 Prologue "Dal mi permesso" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LwndvoeCXos Physical Space of Opera ❖ Operas are performed in proscenium theatres. In Opera houses, Proscenium theatres were used as well as an orchestra in from to the stage. There are audience seats on the ground floor as well as gallery seats along the walls. This is a digital model of the Sydney Opera House Marilyn Diaz Important People ❖ Franz Schubert: Composer ❖ Virgil Thomson: Critic, Conductor, and Composer ❖ William Grant Still: Conductor and Songwriter ❖ Marian Anderson: Diplomat and Singer Made By Sanaa Notable Titles of Opera In order of Title, Composer, Location, and Time. Also includes a Short Description. ❖ L'Orfeo, Claudio Monteverdi, Italy, 1607; Monteverdi was the "founding father" of operatic form. L'Orfeo is emotional, melancholy and transcendent. Euridice dies from a snake bite. The sorrowful Orpheus, through his music, tries to save her from the Underworld. ❖ Dido and Aeneas, Henry Purcell, UK, 1689; Dido recounts the tale of the tragic Queen of Carthage and her love for Aeneas, inconveniently en route to found a new Troy. Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Notable Titles of Opera In order of Title, Composer, Location, and Time. Also includes a Short Description. ❖ Giulio Cesare (Julius Caesar), George Frideric Handel, UK, 1724; An epic of love and war often considered Handel's finest work, Giulio Cesare has a richly intricate plot and the bonus of a brilliantly characterised and outrageously seductive Cleopatra. Caesar, written for castrato, is often sung by a countertenor. ❖ Serse (Xerxes), George Frideric Handel, UK, 1738; Opens with one of Handel's best known arias, Ombra Mai Fu, sung by Serse, King of Persia, in honour of a plane tree and its shade. A plot of jealousy, infidelity and treachery results in a cocktail of bravura music. Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Giulio Cesare Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Notable Titles of Opera In order of Title, Composer, Location, and Time. Also includes a Short Description. ❖ Orfeo ed Euridice (Orpheus and Eurydice), Christoph Willibald Gluck, Austria, 1762; Written in Italian, this intense drama was later revised as the French Orphée. A mix of old and new styles, poised at the birth of Romanticism, this is regarded as one of the key operas of the 18th century. Maria Callas made J'ai Perdu Mon Eurydice a stand-alone hit. ❖ Idomeneo, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Germany, 1781; Despite its imperfections as drama and a too neat happy ending, Mozart's retelling of the story of the King of Crete forced to sacrifice his son has slowly earned its status as a masterpiece. Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Idomeneo Slide made by Ethan Krassenstein Bibliography Beggar’s Opera Libretto With Music. Wikipedia, Wikipedia Commons, commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beggar%27s_Opera_libretto_with_music_VA.jpg. Accessed 21 Nov. 2016. Beloff, David A. The Virginia Opera’s production of “Falstaff.”. The Washington Post, www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/music/virginia-operas-falstaff-haseverything-necessary-for-great-opera-buffa/2013/10/13/a4d074b8-340d-11e3-89db-8002ba99b894_story.html. Accessed 21 Nov. 2016. 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Franz Schubert. a1.files.biography.com/image/upload/c_fit,cs_srgb,dpr_1.0,h_1200,q_80,w_1200/MTE1ODA0OTcxNzgwMTc5NDY5.jpg. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016. Marilyn Diaz Gascoigne, Bamber. “History of Opera” HistoryWorld. From 2001, ongoing. “History.” Opera Europa, edited by Eva Kleinitz, www.opera-europa.org/en/opera-resources/history. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. Kirk, P. Bengochea in the title role of Idomeneo, Re di Creta at Opera San José. Opera News, 2011, www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2011/12/Review/SAN_JOSE,_CA__Idomeneo.html. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016. “Libretto.” Infoplease, www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/entertainment/libretto.html. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. L’orfeo production in Brussels, 1998. SimonKeenlyside.info, www.simonkeenlyside.info/index.php/performances/performances-opera/orfeo-monteverdi-orfeo/. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016. Maddocks, Fiona. “Top 50 Operas.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media Limited, www.theguardian.com/music/2011/aug/20/top-50-operas. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. Marian Anderson. www.afrovoices.com/gallery/anderson7.jpg. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016. The Metropolitan Opera’s production of “Giulio Cesare in Egitto” breathes new life into Handel’s classic work. Colombia Spectator, columbiaspectator.com/2013/04/26/giulio-cesare-egitto. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016. Opera singer. Seo, keywordsuggest.org/202256-opera.html. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. “Opera 299934” is an awesome wallpapers presented here by Laura Colliton. Unisci24, unisci24.com/299934.html. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. Marilyn Diaz Rosino. Sydney Opera House at Dusk. Jpg file. https://www.flickr.com/photos/rosino/4778079675/ “Running Times - Are All Operas Long?” The Opera 101, TheOpera101, www.theopera101.com/operas/runningtimes.html. Still, Judith Ann, et al. William Grant Still A Bio-Bibliography. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996. Understanding an Opera’s Libretto. A Wiley Brand, www.dummies.com/art-center/music/understanding-an-operas-libretto/. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. Virgil Thomson. media2.wnyc.org/i/800/0/l/80/1/GettyImages_565851085.jpg. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016. “Virgil Thomson Quotes.” BrainyQuote, www.brainyquote.com/quotes/authors/v/virgil_thomson.html. Accessed 28 Nov. 2016. Weinstock, Herbert, and Barbara Russano Hanning. “Opera.” Encylopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Dec. 2014, www.britannica.com/art/opera-music. Accessed 18 Nov. 2016. William Grant Still. mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/wmuk/files/201410/William-Grant-Still-010.jpg. Accessed 29 Nov. 2016.