Transcript Important People & Achievements in the Temperance Movement

Jump Start
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1. Using Google text (466453)
2. Text “define reform”
3. Write down the definition in your
journal
4. What would you reform? How would
you accomplish the task?
Reform Era: Temperance, Education,
Women’s Suffrage, Prisons and Care for
the Mentally Ill, Abolitionism
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
1720-1930
Demon Rum: The “Old Deluder”
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The temperance movement organized
because consumption of alcohol
significantly increased & caused social
problems
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Heavy drinking led to many social
problems including:
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Goal: To encourage moderation in the
consumption of intoxicating liquors or
press for complete abstinence
Decreased efficiency of work
On the job accidents
Breakdown of the family
Poor health
Poverty
Movement was led by churches and
religious groups
Propaganda focused on the sufferings
of innocent mothers and their
children
Temperance Unions
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Groups such as these pushed
for total prohibition
Considered liquor consumption
to be morally wrong and
believed it should be
prohibited by law
Their demands led to
experiments with more strict
laws
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After a few years, these laws
disappeared from everywhere but
New England
Still, the movement drastically
reduced alcohol consumption from
1830-1860
The Civil War stalled efforts by
reformers but it was later
revisited during the
Progressive Era (1890-1920)
Woman's Christian Temperance Union (1874)
Annual Consumption of Alcohol
1720-1930
Lowest
point in 130
years!
Education Reform
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Early Schools
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Short-term schools from the
colonial era
10-12 weeks per year
Provided basic instruction
Charged a fee along with
community funding
Preferred teaching white boys.
Schooling, costly and
religious, was designed for
the privileged few.
Parents were considered the
primary educators
Families relied on each other
and churches for additional
learning
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“it takes a village to raise a
child…”
Horace Mann and “Common Schools”
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Reformers argued that INFORMED CITIZENS were
needed for our republican GOVERNMENT TO THRIVE
Workers wanted their children to have a chance to
pursue the “American dream”
Horace Mann promoted PUBLIC SCHOOLS as the only
way to EQUALIZE SOCIETY
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He argued that it was impossible that educated people could
remain permanently poor
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Mann worked for
many reforms in
public education:
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Paid for and run by
the public
Inclusive of children
from different
backgrounds
Taught by welltrained professional
teachers
Early Public Schools
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Despite reformers efforts,
public school conditions
were poor:
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Lacked funding, books, and
equipment
Teachers were poorly paid
and often poorly prepared
Kids that went beyond the
elementary grades went to
private academies
Public schools did not
become well established
until after the Civil War
1800’s Georgia school house
Prison Reform
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During the late 1700’s to
early 1800’s the general
belief about human nature
was that people were
generally good and capable
of improvement
This new belief was a big
shift from the earlier Puritan
belief of humans as naturally
sinful
This idea brought many
changes for prisoners and
the disabled
From Prison to Penitentiary
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Colonial prisons were used as
holding places before
punishments or as places for
debtors
Reformers argued that society
would benefit more from
rehabilitating prisoners than
punishing them
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Would also help our economy
because prisons could double as
workshops for profit
By 1850, most states had
adopted the penitentiary system
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Penitentiary: prisons used for
housing prisoners as punishment
and rehabilitation
Prisons and the Mentally Ill
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Before the 1800’s, the
mentally ill were kept at
home or imprisoned
By 1815, asylums appeared
that separated the mentally
ill from prisoners
Dorothea Dix led the reform
movement for the mentally ill
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Boston school teacher who was
asked to teach Sunday school
at the East Cambridge House of
Correction in 1841
Found a room full of mentally ill
women neglected and left
without heat during the New
England winter
Tranquilizing Chair
Dorothea Dix and Reform
“the present state of insane persons
confined within the Commonwealth, in
cages, closets, cellars, stalls, pens!
Chained naked beaten with rods, and
lashed into obedience!”
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After her experience, Dix spent
two years investigating jails and
asylums in Massachusetts
Keepers of the institutions
called her charges “slanderous
lies” but she won the support of
leading reformers
20 states adopted laws to
improve conditions
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32 new hospitals were built due to
her efforts
Women’s Rights
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“Cult of Domesticity”: popular
1800’s view of the woman’s sphere
Women were to be “perfect” in all
senses
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Piety – believed to be more religious
and spiritual than men
Purity – pure in heart, mind, and body
Submission – held in "perpetual
childhood" where men dictated all
actions and decisions
Domesticity – a division between work
and home, encouraged by the Industrial
Revolution
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men went out in the world to earn a
living, home became the woman's
domain
a wife created a "haven in a heartless
world" for her husband and children
Changes in Economy and Life
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The Industrial Revolution
changed the economy
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Status of women remained
similar to what it had been
during the colonial era
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More separated from home
Home became a refuge
Different roles for men and women
Could not go to college, vote or hold
most professional jobs
Had no control over their children or
property
Needed husband’s permission to make
a will, sign a contract, or file a lawsuit
BUT they were able to work out
of the home
Organizing the Movement
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Many northern women were
involved in the abolitionist
movement
Their involvement in suffrage
reform increased after the
World Anti-Slavery Convention
of 1840
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Women were excluded from
speaking at the convention and
were forced to listen from behind a
curtain
Two female reformers, Lucretia
Mott and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton, decided it was time to
stand up for women’s rights
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They planned to hold their own
convention when they returned
home
Admission ticket to the Convention
The Seneca Falls Women’s Rights
Convention, 1848
Convention and Declaration
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The women wrote a document modeled after the
Declaration of Independence
It went over a list of complaints and ended with a
demand for rights...
The movement was ridiculed and the demand for
suffrage remained until 1920 but women did gain more
rights when it came to property and rights and wages
The first signatures on the
Declaration of Sentiments.
“. . . The history of mankind is a history of repeated injuries
and usurpations on the part of man toward woman, having
in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny
over her. . . . He has never permitted her to exercise her
inalienable right to the elective franchise. He has
compelled her to submit to laws, in the formation of which
she has no voice. . .”
Elizabeth Cady Stanton, The Declaration of Sentiments
Legacy of the Movement
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Seneca Falls helped create an
organized campaign for
women’s rights
Reformers made slow
progress
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New York gave women control
over property and wages
Massachusetts and Indiana
passed more liberal divorce laws
Some women began their own
businesses
However, women’s suffrage
took decades
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19th Amendment passed in 1920
Only one woman present at the
convention lived to vote
OR
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Abolitionist Movement
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By the 1830’s people began asking
“how can America, ‘the land of the
free’, still allow slavery”
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Some people opposed it even before the
American Revolution
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Quakers
The Atlantic Slave trade was outlawed in
1808 BUT the Industrial Revolution and the
invention of the cotton gin made both the
North and the South dependent on slavery
Abolitionists were people who
wanted to end slavery regardless of
this economic dependence
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Both whites and African Americans were
abolitionists
Famous Abolitionists
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Although the North profited
from plantation systems and
slavery, some white
Northerners joined the
Abolitionist Movement
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William Lloyd Garrison: began to
publish an abolitionist newspaper,
The Liberator
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Even more rare were Southern
abolitionists
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Grimke Sisters (Sarah and
Angelina): Grew up on a plantation
but believed slavery was morally
wrong
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Moved north and joined the movement
Spoke out against slavery publically even at
a time when women were not supposed to
speak in public
Famous Abolitionists
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Some escaped slaves also joined the
movement and spoke from their past
experiences
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Frederick Douglass: became a lecturer for the
Mass. Anti-Slavery Society
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People who heard him considered him to be too
educated and well-spoken to have ever been a slave
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We wrote an autobiography that was an instant best-seller
Started his own newspaper North Star
Waged a strong campaign against slavery
Sojourner Truth: fled her owners and lived
with Quakers who set her free
Drew huge crowds throughout the North as she
spoke for abolition
Both were able to change the way
Northerners viewed slavery
Slavery continued for another 30 years
Famous Abolitionists
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Some abolitionists wanted to do
more than just campaign for laws
Some brave abolitionists helped
slaves escape to freedom
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Harriet Tubman- one of the most
famous conductors on the
Underground Railroad
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an above ground series of escape routes
from the South to the North
Travel by foot, wagon, boats, and trains
Traveled by night and hid all day in
“stations”
Tubman was also an escaped slave
Made 19 dangerous journeys to
free enslaved people
Slave owners offered $40,000 for
her capture, but she was never
captured, nor did she lose a
“passenger”
Important People & Achievements in
the Temperance Movement
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Some of the most notable figures
associated with the U.S.
temperance movement were
Susan B. Anthony, Frances E.
Willard and Carry A. Nation
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The effects of their
efforts included:
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Government regulation
Instruction on alcoholism
in schools
Energized study of
alcoholism
18th Amendment (19191933) which led to
Prohibition: (ban on
manufacture,
consumption, distribution
& sale of alcohol)
Inside Look: Carrie A. Nation (1846-1911)
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In 1880, Kansas residents had
voted for prohibition, but the law
was largely ignored by
saloonkeepers.
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"I felt invincible. My strength was
that of a giant. God was certainly
standing by me. I smashed five
saloons with rocks before I ever took
a hatchet." – Carrie Nation
Saloons operated openly, but Nation
would change all that.
First she prayed in front of an
establishment in 1890.
She struck at her first saloon on
June 1, 1900.
Initially, she used rocks, bricks and
other objects for these attacks, then
turned to the hatchet.
Propaganda: Then and Now
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Your goal is to examine pieces of propaganda from
both eras to determine the message being sent. For
each piece you need to answer the following
questions:
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Is this piece an example of temperance propaganda or
current day propaganda? How do you know?
What is the main idea of the piece?
How does the artist use the people and objects to create the
main idea?
How does the artist use emotion to accomplish their goal?
What emotions does this piece make you feel?
Piece #1
1. Is this piece an example of
temperance propaganda or
current day propaganda? How do
you know?
2. What is the main idea of the
piece?
3. How does the artist use the
people and objects to create the
main idea?
4. How does the artist use
emotion to accomplish their goal?
What emotions does this piece
make you feel?
Temperance Banner
Lithograph by
Kellogg & Comstock,
c. 1848-1850
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Among the many evils of alcohol,
reformers fulminated especially
against its corrupting effects on
family life.
Here a young man is torn between a
drink-bearing temptress & a maiden
who exemplifies the virtues of
womanly purity.
Piece #2
1. Is this piece an example of
temperance propaganda or
current day propaganda? How do
you know?
2. What is the main idea of the
piece?
3. How does the artist use the
people and objects to create the
main idea?
4. How does the artist use
emotion to accomplish their goal?
What emotions does this piece
make you feel?
Grand Charge on the Enemy's
Works (1874)
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The "Holy War" was the 19thcentury crusade for temperance
and prohibition, whose advocates
were predominantly clergymen and
women.
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Here a young woman in armor on
a black horse leads a group of
similarly garbed women on foot
and on horseback. With large
battle-axes they shatter barrels of
beer, whiskey, gin, rum and "Wine
& Liquors.“
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The leg of a fleeing man is just
visible at lower right.
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In the background are two
banners: "In the Name of God and
Humanity" and "Temperance
League."
Piece #3
1. Is this piece an example of
temperance propaganda or
current day propaganda? How do
you know?
2. What is the main idea of the
piece?
3. How does the artist use the
people and objects to create the
main idea?
4. How does the artist use
emotion to accomplish their goal?
What emotions does this piece
make you feel?
Piece #4
1. Is this piece an example of
temperance propaganda or
current day propaganda? How
do you know?
2. What is the main idea of the
piece?
3. How does the artist use the
people and objects to create
the main idea?
4. How does the artist use
emotion to accomplish their
goal? What emotions does this
piece make you feel?
Demon Rum: The “Old Deluder”

The temperance movement organized
because consumption of alcohol
significantly increased & caused social
problems


Heavy drinking led to many social
problems including:







Goal: To encourage moderation in the
consumption of intoxicating liquors or
press for complete abstinence
Decreased efficiency of work
On the job accidents
Breakdown of the family
Poor health
Poverty
Movement was led by churches and
religious groups
Propaganda focused on the sufferings
of innocent mothers and their
children
Prisons and the Mentally Ill
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
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Before the 1800’s, the
mentally ill were kept at
home or imprisoned
By 1815, asylums appeared
that separated the mentally
ill from prisoners
Dorothea Dix led the reform
movement for the mentally ill
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
Boston school teacher who was
asked to teach Sunday school
at the East Cambridge House of
Correction in 1841
Found a room full of mentally ill
women neglected and left
without heat during the New
England winter
Tranquilizing Chair