Transcript Module 45 PP

“To study the abnormal is the best way of
understanding the normal.”
-William James (1842 – 1910)
Mental illness is only a label to describe
behavior that deviates from society’s norm.
- Thomas Szasz
Module 45
Introduction to
Psychological Disorders
Worth Publishers
Psychological Disorders
 Psychological Disorder
 a “harmful dysfunction” in which
behavior is judged to be:
 atypical--not enough in itself
 disturbing--varies with time and
culture
 maladaptive--harmful
 unjustifiable--sometimes there’s a
good reason
Historical Perspective
 Perceived Causes
 movements of sun or moon
 lunacy--full moon
 evil spirits
 Ancient Treatments
 exorcism, caged like animals, beaten,
burned, castrated, mutilated, blood
replaced with animal’s blood
Psychological Disorders
 Medical Model
 concept that diseases have physical
causes
 can be diagnosed, treated, and in most
cases, cured
 assumes that these “mental” illnesses
can be diagnosed on the basis of their
symptoms and cured through therapy,
which may include treatment in a
psychiatric hospital
Psychological Disorders
 Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
 assumes that biological,
sociocultural, and psychological
factors combine and interact to
produce psychological disorders
Psychological Disorders
Classifying
Psychological Disorders
 DSM-V
 American Psychiatric Association’s
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition - 2013)
 a widely used system for classifying
psychological disorders
 presently distributed as DSM-V-TR (text
revision)
Classifying Psychological
Disorders
 DSM-IV –
Axis model was consolidated (Axis I, II, III) and replaced by new
diagnosis categories in the DSM 5 revision.
 5-Axis model was adopted in 1980
- Axis 1
• Clinical disorders (e.g. mood & anxiety disorders)
- Axis 2
• Personality disorders (e.g. narcissism, antisocial, developmental
disorders (e.g. mental retardation, ADHD))
- Axis 3
• Medical (physical) conditions influencing Axis 1 & 2 disorders (e.g.
respiratory/digestive)
- Axis 4
• Psychosocial & environmental stress influencing Axis 1 & 2 disorders
(e.g. job, housing, social network changes)
- Axis 5
• Global Assessment of Functioning score: highest level of functioning
patient has achieved in work, relationships, and activities
Classifying Psychological
Disorders – DSM V
Diagnostic Categories –
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Anxiety
Bipolar and Related
Depressive
Dissociative
Feeding and Eating
Neurodevelopmental
Neurocognitive
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related
Personality
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic
Somatic Symptoms and Related (distressing or result in significant disruption of daily life)
Trauma Stressor and Related
Classifying
Psychological Disorders
 Neurotic Disorder (term seldom used
now)
 usually distressing but that allows one
to think rationally and function socially
 Psychotic Disorder
 person loses contact with reality
 experiences irrational ideas and
distorted perceptions
Rates of Psychological
Disorders