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Week 13 Overview
Makeup test day
Endocrine group presentation
practice
Remember all work from weekn
11 is due
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Endocrine System
The nervous and endocrine systems are the two main controlling
systems of the body. There are several differences between
these two systems. For example, the nervous system acts by
means of electrical impulses and chemical stimuli.
The endocrine system acts by means of chemical stimuli only. Also,
the nervous system has an immediate and short-term effect on
muscles and glands, whereas the endocrine system has more
widespread, slower, and long lasting effects. The endocrine
system also has more generalized effects on such activities as
growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Functions:
1. Hormone secretion
2. Homeostasis
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Hormones
These are chemical messengers released by
the glands of the endocrine system.
Hormones are released directly into the
blood stream and carried to the tissues they
effect. The blood reaches all cells of the
body but only certain cells respond to
specific hormones. These cells have
certain receptors to which the hormones
attach. Only cells that have receptors for a
given hormone will respond to that
hormone.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Hormones fall into to categories:
1. Proteins—most hormones are proteins or related
compounds composed of amino acids. All
hormones except those of the adrenal cortex and
the sex glands are proteins.
2. Steroids—are hormones derived from lipids and
are produced by the adrenal cortex and the
gonads (sex glands).
All hormones are extremely potent, that is they are
effective in very small amounts.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Regulation
 The release of most hormones is controlled by a mechanism called a
negative feedback system. In a negative feedback system, the result
of an action in the body regulates that action and keeps it in a steady
state, or homeostasis. A simple example of negative feedback is
seen with insulin from pancreatic cells. When the level of glucose in
the blood is high, the islet cells of the pancreas release insulin. This
hormone stimulates body cells to take up more glucose, thus
lowering glucose levels in the blood. Thus, negative feedback
mechanisms reverse increasing or decreasing to maintain a state of
balance. In addition to negative feedback, the release of hormones
may also be regulated by other hormones such as those from the
anterior pituitary, or by nervous stimulation, such as the sympathetic
stimulation that cause the release of epinephrine from the adrenal
medulla.
 The endocrine system consists of the glands that secrete hormones.
These glands are also called ductless glands because they secrete
directly into the bloodstream.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Endocrine Assignment (page 121-syllabus)

The endocrine system is made up of the endocrine glands that secrete
hormones. Theses major endocrine glands are scattered throughout the body
and yet they are still considered to be one system because they have similar
functions, similar mechanisms of influence, and many important
interrelationships. In a group, you are to cover the following information
about one of the endocrine glands. It is up to your group to divide up the
responsibilities and cover all the information. You will present the
information in two weeks. This is to be basic information using medical
terminology that we will understand.
Business 86, Medical Terminology
SLIDE 1- TITLE PAGE
SLIDE 2- DESCRIPTION AND LOCATION OF
GLAND
COURSE TITLE
NAME OF GLAND
PRESENTER’S NAMES
DATE
PICTURE OF THE GLAND WITHIN THE BODY
5 POINTS
10 POINTS
SLIDE 3- HORMONE PRODUCED BY THE GLAND
SUMMARY OF ITS FUNCTION
SLIDES 4-8- HYPERSECRETION OF THE HORMONE
PATHOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
CURRENT TREATMENT
CORRECT NMEDICAL TERMS
INTERESTING FACTS
15 POINTS
25 POINTS
SLIDES 9-13- HYPOSECRETION OF THE HORMONE
SLIDE 14- WORKS CITED
AT LEAST 3 REFERENCES
USE WWW.EASYBIBLCOM FOR HELP WITH CITING,
GOOGLE AND OTHER SEARCH ENGINES ARE NOT
REFERENCES
HOME PAGE IS NOT THE TITLE OF A WEB SITE
PATHOLOGY
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
CURRENT TREATMENT
CORRECT MEDICAL TERMS
INTERESTING FACTS
25 POINTS
GRAMMAR/SPELLING
HANDOUT FOR EACH CLASSMATE
10 POINTS
10 POINTS
OWN WORDS/BULLET FORMAT 15 POINTS
10 POINTS
CREATIVITY/ANIMATION
10 POINTS
PRONUNCIATION OF WORDS
10 POINTS
5-10 MINUTES
Business 86, Medical Terminology
5 POINTS
Endocrine glands
1. Posterior Pituitary
A. Antidiuretic, oxytocin
2. Anterior Pituitary
B. Growth hormone, Prolactin
3. Pineal
4. Thyroid
5. Parathyroid
6. Adrenal
7. Testis
8. Ovary
9. Pancreas
10.Thymus
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Endocrine and Nervous Systems Elements
(use with your textbook for CD-Rom)
Element
Meaning
acr/o
aden/o
adren/o
anter/o
calc/o
cerebr/o
encephal/o
gluc/o, glyc/o
hidr/o
mening/o, meningi/o
myel/o
neur/o
orchid/o, orchid/o
pancreat/o
poster/o
extremities
gland
adrenal glands
front, anterior
calcium
cerebrum, brain
brain
sugar, glucose
sweat
meninges
spinal cord, bone marrow
nerve
testis, testicle
pancreas
back (of body) , behind, posterior
Business 86, Medical Terminology
ELEMENT
radi/o
scler/o
thym/o
thyr/o
toxic/o
vascul/o
-cele
-dipsia
-emia
-gen, -genesis
-glia
-iasis
MEANING
x-rays, radiation
hardening
thymus gland
thyroid gland
poison
blood vessel
hernia, swelling
thirst
blood
producing, forming
glue
abnormal condition
(produced by something specified)
Business 86, Medical Terminology
ELEMENT
MEANING
-lith
-lysis
-megaly
-malacia
-oid
-penia
-pexy
-phagia
-phasia
-rrhagia
-uria
hypopoly-
stone, calculus
separation, destruction, loosening
enlargement
softening
resembling
decrease
fixation
swallow, eat
speech
bursting forth (of)
urine, urination
under, below
many, much
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Doctor’s Orders
Doctor: DR GOWER
SERVICE: Endocrine Consultation
DATE: ____-_____-_____ HOUR:
Admit: Endocrine unit
DX: R/O D.M.
Hx: Graves Disease
Diet: NPO until am and then 1800 ADA
Activity: OOB c assist, BRP
Amb. c PT TID
I&O
TPR & BP (VS) q8 hr.
BG’S ac & HS call MD c results and for insulin orders
MEDS:
Tylenol ii tabs po q4 hr. prn HA
Compazine 10 mg q6 hr. prn N&V
Thyroxine .5 mg qd po
Valium 5-10 mg po q6 hr. prn anxiety
IV – 1/2 NS @ TKO if tolerating fluids_ to SL
LABS:
CBC, lytes, BUN, CR, qd
Chest x-ray this am
Business 86, Medical Terminology
Homework
Prepare for endocrine presentation, use
library
Read Chapter 14 pgs. 460-485 (book)
Complete pgs. 486-494 (book)
All work from week 11 due next week
Business 86, Medical Terminology