Transcript Chap 7 – The Skeleton

Chap 7 – The Skeleton
Learning Objectives:
1. Name and describe the bones of the skull,
vertebral column, thoracic cage, shoulder, hip,
arm, and leg. Name and describe the important
markings on these bones as well as any sutures.
2. Describe vertebrae structure and distinguish
between cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
3. Differentiate between true and false ribs.
Begin reading Chap 7 (at least 1/3 of it covering the skull, cranium,
and facial bones. Review anatomical parts related to. Finish your
reinforcement exercise.
PREDICT
• TBA in Class
NOTE: The skull is the cranium plus facial
bones (including jaw)
Cranium
• __ major cranial bones – two _____, two
______, _______, ________, sphenoid,
and ethmoid
• Also contains ‘minor’ bones of the middle
___ (we will study those later in Chap 13)
• Cranial bones are thin and remarkably
strong for their weight
Anterior View
Label the cranial bones
(ones that are encircled
in red) ONLY for now!
Posterior View
Label red
encircled
structure
ONLY for
now. It is
the last of
the cranial
bones.
Quick Check
1. How many bones in the cranium?
2. List the main bones of the cranium in
your notes now.
Individual Practice:
Getting To Know the
Cranial Bones &
Markings
Important Markings
1. Styloid process pg 180
a. Frontal pg. 179
2. Supraorbital foramen pg 179
b. Parietal pg. 179
3. Mastoid process pg 180
c. Occipital pg. 179
4. Sella turcica pg. 182
d. Temporal pg. 179
5. Crista galli pg. 180
e. Sphenoid pg. 179
6. Zygomatic process pg. 180
f. Ethmoid pg. 179
7. Foramen magnum pg. 182
Instructions: A) Using Table 7.1 on pages
190 – 191, complete the following exercise
by matching the letter of the correct answer.
Answers can be used more than once.
8. Cribriform plate pg. 182
9. Internal acoustic meatus pg.
182
10. Occipital condyle pg. 182
B) Additionally for your benefit, take time to
locate each marking & bone on one of the
diagrams on pages 179 – 182; 186.
11. Mandibular fossa pg. 186
12. Foramen ovale pg. 182
13. Middle nasal conchae pg. 179
14. Jugular foramen pg. 182
NOTE: TO BE COMPLETED IN CLASS. If
you do this ahead of time, please be aware
that you will need to practice this again in
class (you will not be given free time to visit
or chat with your neighbor)
Answer Choices (Cranial
Bones)
15. External acoustic meatus pg.
182
16. Hypoglossal canal pg. 182
17. Optic canal pg. 179
18. Foramen rotundum pg. 182
19. Foramen spinosum pg. 182
20. Sup. oribital fissure pg. 179
Frontal Bone
• Forms the anterior
portion of the
cranium
• Major markings
include the
supraorbital
margins
Label bones with me.
Label only the ones I
indicate on your
practice diagrams.
Parietal Bones
• Four sutures mark the
articulations of the parietal
bones
– Coronal suture – articulation
between parietal bones and
frontal bone anteriorly
– Squamosal or squamous
suture – where parietal and
temporal bones meet
– Sagittal suture – where right
and left parietal bones meet
superiorly
– Lambdoid suture – where
parietal bones meet the
occipital bone posteriorly
Occipital Bone
• Forms most of skull’s
posterior wall and
base
• Major markings
include:
occipital condyles
foramen magnum
hypoglossal canal
Temporal
Bones
• Major markings
include:
- zygomatic process
- mastoid process
- styloid processes
- mandibular fossa
Sphenoid
• Butterfly-shaped bone
• Forms the central wedge
that articulates with all other
cranial bones
• Consists of:
- greater wings
- lesser wings
- pterygoid processes
• Major markings:
- sella turcica
- pterygoid processes
• Major openings include:
- foramen rotundum
- foramen ovale
- foramen spinosum
- optic canals
- superior orbital fissure
Ethmoid
• Most deep of the skull
bones; lies between
the sphenoid and
nasal bones
• Forms most of the
bony area between
the nasal cavity and
the orbits
• Major markings
include:
- crista galli
- cribriform plate
- nasal conchae
Individual Practice: Facial Bones, pg 191
•
•
Instructions: This practice should
answer the questions, “What is it? And
“Where is it located?” Match up the
bone with its description.
If you finish before most people, spend
your time locating the 8 facial bones
mentioned here on pages 180 – 189.
Facial Bone
Answer Choices
(descriptions)
1. vomer
a. constructs bridge of the
nose
2. inferior nasal concha
b. forms part of lateral wall
of the nasal cavity
3. zygomatic
c. forms parts of the medial
orbit wall
4. nasal
d. forms posterior part of the
hard palate & a small
part of nasal cavity and
orbit wall
5. maxilla
e. forms upper jaw and parts
of the hard palate,
orbits, and nasal cavity
walls
6. mandible
f. forms cheek and part of
orbit
7. lacrimal
g. part of nasal septum
8. palatine
h. lower jaw
Facial Bones
1. _____
(upper jaw)
2. ______
bones
Facial Bones
continued
6. ________
3. _________
4. _________
7. _______
8. Inf. Nasal
______
5. _____
Reinforcement Exercise
Label remaining practice diagrams
(following parts only):
• Pg 189 – optic canal, lacrimal bone, zygomatic
bone (blue one), zygomatic process, greater
wing, lesser wing, supraorbital foramen
• Page 190 – superior/middle/inf meatus,
sphenoid sinus, pterygoid process, palatine
bone (both), maxillary bone, nasal bone, inf/
middle, sup. nasal concha (all 3; NOTE - 2 of
which make up the ethmoid bone), vomer, sella
turcica, crista galli, cribriform plate