Transcript Lesson 7-Skull and Brain Anatomy

Bones of the Skull
Skull = Cranium and Facial Bones
• Cranium (8)
1. Frontal bone – forehead
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Parietal bones (2) – roof and side of cranium
Temporal bones (2)
Occipital bone – contains foramen magnum
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
• Facial bones (14)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Maxilla – upper jaw
Mandible – lower jaw, only movable portion of skull
Nasal bones
Zygomatic bone – forms eye orbits and cheekbones
Palantine bones
Lacrimal bones
Vomer
Nasal Conchae
The Hyoid bone – only bone in the body that does not articulate with
another bone
What is TMJ?
Temporo-Mandibular Joint (TMJ), the
joint where the mandible (the lower
jaw) joins the temporal bone of the
skull
A small disc of cartilage separates the
bones
The Brain
• Who was Phineas Gage?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c6kRP41ygrI
What is a Lobotomy? (Prefrontal)
Surgery performed to the frontal lobe of the
brain in an attempt to modify behavior of
severely psychotic patients
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_0aNILW6ILk
Functions of the Brain
1.
Cerebrum – largest part of the brain
right and left hemispheres that each contain 4 lobes:
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
Functions – higher intellectual processes,
concentration, planning, problem solving (frontal)
Sensations of temp., touch, pressure,
pain, understanding speech and using words to
express thoughts and feelings (parietal)
Responsible for hearing, remembering
visual scenes, music (temporal)
Vision (occipital)
- Cerebellum
Functions in muscle coordination, muscle tone,
maintaining posture
Brain Stem
1. medulla oblongata: regulates
heartbeat, breathing, blood pressure
2. pons: regulates breathing rate
3. midbrain: reflex centers for visual,
auditory, and tactile responses
• Hypothalamus
maintains homeostasis, regulates
hunger, thirst, sleep, body temp., water
balance, blood pressure
• Thalamus
receives all sensory input and relays
them to the appropriate parts of the brain