Transcript Day5 Wounds to the skin presentation

Skin Health
What is good for your health is often good for
your skin
Ways to keep your skin healthy
1. Eat a well balanced diet.
-lack of nutrients can cause skin disorders
-getting more than the recommend daily allowance of
vitamins and minerals can also cause skin problems
(too much vitamin A dries the skin, niacin can cause
itching, vitamin E can cause acne)
2. Avoid foods you are sensitive too.
- Hives, eczema and dermatitis are often linked to food
allergies
-Most problematic foods are eggs, nuts, beans,
chocolate, strawberries, tomatoes, citrus fruit, corn,
pork and cow’s milk
3. Reduce stress
-stress can worsen preexisting skin problems
especially herpes, acne, eczema, hives, psoriasis and
warts
4. Don’t smoke
-smoking causes
premature aging
of the skin
-long time
smokers can look
10 times older
than nonsmokers of the
same age
5. Exercise
-Exercise increases blood flow bringing nutrients and
oxygen to the skin and getting rid of wastes
-Exercise may thicken skin and thicker skin ages more
gracefully
6. Protect your skin
from the sun.
-prevents
premature aging
-prevents skin
cancer
Wounds to the Skin
Hands of a
gymnast
Skin Injury
External factors can damage the skin
• heat, chemicals and UV radiation
• sharp objects
• excessive rubbing or pressure
Heat Injuries
• What is a burn?
• A burn is an injury that damages and
destroys skin layers.
• It can be caused by heat, electricity,
chemicals, radiation or frostbite.
Level of Burn Injury
First Degree
• A first degree burn is limited to
the epidermis. It is
characterized by heat, pain,
moistening and reddening of
the burned surface, but rarely
shows blistering or charring of
tissue. First degree burns often
heal in three to seven days
and seldom scar. Typical first
degree burns include sunburn
and minor scalds.
Second Degree
• Sometimes referred to as partial
thickness burns, second degree
burns are characterized as either
"superficial" or "deep." Both types
penetrate deeper than a first
degree burn and destroy the
epidermal layers, extending into
the dermis layer. They can cause
damage to sweat glands and hair
follicles and are extremely painful,
often with intense swelling.
• Skin that has incurred a
superficial second degree burn is
moist, red and weepy. Most
superficial second degree burns
heal in 10 to 21 days, but leave a
change in skin color and
pigmentation.
Third Degree
• A third degree burn-also known
as a full thickness burndestroys all the epidermal and
dermal skin layers. The tissue
damage extends below hair
follicles and sweat glands to
subcutaneous tissue. With this
degree of burn, the skin
becomes charred and leathery
and often appears depressed
relative to surrounding tissue.
The skin can be bright red, waxy
white, tan or brown; there are no
blisters; and third degree burns
may cause massive swelling.
Perhaps surprisingly, third
degree burns are usually not
painful because the injury has
destroyed nerve endings. Skin
grafting or other replacement
options are required for
treatment of a third degree burn.
How to treat a burn
Minor
1. Cool the burn. Do
not use ice.
2. Bandage the area.
3. Take a pain reliever
Do not apply ointment.
Do not break blisters.
Major
1. Call 911
2. Leave burned clothing
on.
3. Do not immerse in
cold water.
4. Check for signs of
circulation.
Watch “National Geographic”
The skin gun
http://www.youtube.com/ Describe the new
watch?v=eXO_ApjKP
method of skin
aI
replacement.
Sharp Objects and Excessive Rubbing or
Pressure
Puncture Wound
• A puncture wound
is caused by an object
piercing the skin
and creating a small hole.
• A puncture wound does
not usually result in
excessive bleeding so
treatment may
be necessary to prevent
infection. A puncture
wound from a cause such
as stepping on a nail can
become infected because
the object that caused the
wound may carry bacteria
or spores of tetanus into
the skin and tissue.
Cuts
Cuts are open wounds
through the skin and blood
vessels caused by a
forceful injury. Cuts can be
caused by:
•Blunt objects that tear or
crush the skin
(lacerations).
•Sharp-edged objects
pressing into and slicing the
skin tissue (incised
wounds).
•A combination of blunt and
sharp forces from objects
that tear, crush, and slice
Abrasions
• Abrasions are
common skin injuries
usually caused by
falling on a hard
surface. As you fall
and slide on the
ground friction
causes layers of skin
to rub off.
First Aid
Wound Healing
Step 1- Injury
Blood elements are released
from locally damaged blood
vessels within the
(epidermis/ dermis).
(Red / White )blood cells,
platelets and plasma
proteins infiltrate the wound.
Vasoconstriction follows.
Within seconds blood begins
to (clot / flow).
Step 2- Coagulation
• Several hours later a
loose clot has formed
because of the
(platelets / dirt).
• Fibroblasts have
migrated into the area
and begin to produce
(collagen fibers /
adipose tissue).
Step 3- Early
inflammation
• At 24 hours,
• Platelets attract a
type of white blood cell
called a neurtrophil to
the wound, signaling
the beginning of
inflammation.
(a state of heat, redness
and swelling)
Step 4- Late inflammation
• After 48 hrs.
• (Macrophages /
red blood cells) are the
principal inflammatory
cell.
• Together, neutrophils
and macrophages
remove debris from the
wound.
• Clot hardens and forms
a (scab / blister).
Step 5- Proliferation
• The proliferation phase
begins at about 72
hours.
• Epidermal and
(dermal/subcutaneous)
cells multiply beneath
the scab.
Step 6- Remodeling
• Takes 3 weeks to
several months.
• Collagen synthesis
slows down after three
weeks, collagen
crosslinking and
reorganization occur
for months after injury
in the remodeling
phase of repair