Transcript A105 Stars and Galaxies

A100
Solar System
Exploration
Read NASA website:
solarsystem.nasa.gov
Hand in 2nd Homework TODAY (3rd due
Friday)
IN-CLASS QUIZ THIS FRIDAY!!
Solar Lab, Kirkwood, Rooftop this week
Today’s APOD
The Sun Today
Events this week
Sept. 30 – Tuesday – Solar Lab
2:30-3:30 PM, Kirkwood Obs
Oct. 1 – Wednesday - Kirkwood Obs
8:30-10:30 PM
Oct. 2 – Thursday – Rooftop
8:30 PM Swain West
WEATHER PERMITTING
nd
2
Homework
• The Solar System Collaboratory Home
• Kepler’s 1st & 2nd laws
Consumer Spending (2006-7)
$20 billion at jewelry stores (US)
$24 billion at liquor stores (US)
$40 billion on weight loss (US)
$23.5 billion on candy and gum (US)
$31 billion on pet toys and supplies (US)
$7 billion on video rentals (US)
$18 billion on makeup (worldwide)
$35 billion on bottled water (worldwide)
What does Space Exploration cost?
NASA budget for FY 2008: ~ $17 Billion
*
Science
$5.3 billion
Exploration
Aeronautics
Space Ops
Education
$4.0 billion (SS missions)
$0.7 billion
$6.2 billion
$0.15 billion
*All astronomy research and space telescopes
(as well as space weather, Earth systems and
lunar research) are in this part.
Beginnings of Space Exploration
•
•
•
•
Robert Goddard
Werner von Braun
The Cold War
NASA - 1959
Explorer 1 - 1958
Sputnik &
Laika the
Space Dog,
1957
Exploring with Robotic Missions
Russian Luna 2 – Sept. 1959
crashes on the Moon
the first spacecraft to
reach a destination beyond
Earth
Luna 3 – Oct. 1959
lunar flyby
first pictures of the
far side of the Moon
JFK 1961
Mercury
Gemini
Six Apollo landings
1969-1972
“I believe this nation should commit itself to
achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of
landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely
to the Earth”
Societal Benefits
of the
Apollo Program
Humans can live on the Moon and Mars
Sustainable resources can be found
Hydrogen, oxygen, water
Advances in Technology
Identification of space hazards and risks
Potential new energy sources from space
How Does the
Space Program
Benefit YOU?
Computer miniaturization
Mainframe IBM
computer, early 1970’s
Weather forecasting
Communications
Navigation (GPS)
Global ecosystem & climate observations &
resource management
What did
we learn
from the
Moon?
Origin and Evolution of the Moon
Foundation for Comparative Planetology
Record of History of Inner Solar System
Initial Guide to Early History of Earth and Mars
Conditions for the Initiation of Life
Lunar Resource Potential
Future Lunar Scientific Potential
Early Robotic Exploration
Soviet
 Luna - 1959
 Luna 9, 1966 – first soft
lunar landing
 Venera 3 crashes on Venus,
1966
 Luna 16, 1970, returns lunar
samples
 Lunokhod 1 (1970) explored
the Moon for 322 Earth days
 Mars 2 crashes on Mars,
1973
 Venera 9 images from Venus
in ‘75
U.S.
 Pioneer - 1960
 Ranger – 1961, 1962
 Mariner – 1962
 Mars, Venus
 Pioneer 10 passes the
asteroid belt 1973
 Pioneer 10 reaches Jupiter in
‘73; on to Saturn
 Mariner 10 photographs
Mercury in ‘74
 Viking on Mars, ‘76
(DON’T MEMORIZE NAMES AND DATES)
Mariner to Mars
Mariner 4, 6, 7 fly-bys
1965, 1969
craters!
Mariner 9 orbiter
1970, dust storm!
Craters, Olympus Mons,
Valles Marineris
The 1980’s
 Just 13 robotic explorers
launched (all but two
successful)
 Voyager spacecraft to outer
planets
 Magellan to Venus in ‘89–
Detailed radar map
In 1986 five spacecraft fly past Comet
Halley: Japanese (2), Soviet (2), European
Image from European Giotto mission
The 1990’s – Transition to Modern Exploration
 Early missions were
feats of technology
 first images
 mapping
 limited scientific
measurements
Asteroid Ida and its moon Dactyl
 Later missions were more focused, better defined
science
 Galileo arrives at Jupiter 1996 - 2003
 Sojourner/Pathfinder at Mars - 1997
 Asteroids and Comets
Crewed vs. robotic exploration
Crewed exploration
Robotic Exploration
Challenges Facing Earth:
Predicting Natural Disasters
Providing Ample Clean Water
Mitigating Climate Change
Preserving Farmland
Disposing of Waste
Producing Energy
Space programs and associated
development can help with all of these
TO DO LIST:
Read NASA website (Oncourse)
Hand in 2nd Homework TODAY (3rd on Fri.)
IN-CLASS QUIZ FRIDAY!!
Activities TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, &
THURSDAY