Transcript India and China

India
Preview and Processing
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is your first impression?
Why do you feel that way?
What is the location?
What is happening?
Why is this important?
How is water symbolically used in other
countries or cultures?

Geography
 Hindu Kush & Himalayas
 Subcontinent
 Indus & Ganges
 Seasonal winds: monsoon

Aryan “Nobles”
 1500 BCE nomads from central Asia
 Khyber Pass
 Caucasus mts.
 Wealth=cattle
 Illiterate
Depended on priest: Sanskrit
 Blending betw. The 2 = Hinduism

Hinduism
 Aryans w/ myths; everything
holy
 Vedas: 4 collections of hymns
gathered by priest: 1500 total
 Rig-Veda: most important &
oldest (1028)
 Vedic Age

Upanishads
 Attempt of teachers to understand and
explain Vedas
1. One true reality is Brahman the mighty
spirit that creates and destroys
2. One aspect of B. is self or soul=Atman
3. Nothing dies: reincarnation
4. Perfect Understanding=moksha wh/ =
merge w/ B

Caste System
1. Brahmin: “god’s mouth” = priest
2. Kshatriya: “god’s arms”=rulers &
warriors
3. Vaishya: “god’s legs” = landowners,
merchants
4. Shudra: “god’s feet” = servants &
slaves
5. Untouchables: nothing
Shiva:
destroyer
or
transformer
•Vishnu:
creator
and
destroyer
of all
existences

Buddhism
 Siddhartha Gautama
 Beautiful life; wife, son
 sick, feeble, dead: must seek wisdom
 Age 29 left family to become nomad &
seek wisdom
 Meditated under Bodhi tree
 “Enlightened One” or Buddha
 Concern for everyone
 No caste system

Four Noble Truths
1. Everything in life is suffering &
sorrow
2. Causes of pain are selfish desires
wh/ = rebirth & pain
3. Ending pain means ending selfish
desires
4. End desire & thus pain by
following the Eightfold Path

Eightfold Path
1. Rt. Knowledge
2. Rt. Purpose
3. Rt. Speech
4. Rt. Action
5. Rt. Living
6. Rt. Effort
7. Rt. Mindfulness
8. Rt. Meditation (concentration)

Mauryan Dynasty
 Chandragupta Mauryan
(322-298 BCE)
 United all of N. India
(9,000 increased to 700,000)
 Trusted no-one
 Fear
 Food tasters
 “Gov’t is the science of punishment”
Making the Connection
1.
2.
3.
4.
What modern day country is missing from
the original map of India?
How does religion play an important role in
the development of gov’t? culture?
What is Mohenjo-Daro and why is it
important?
What were at least two main things the
Harappan Culture was based on?

Ashoka (273 BCE)
st
1
@ like granddad
Edict
“federal aid”
Spread Buddhism

China

Chinese Society
 Family : roles est. fr. birth to death
 Elderly w/ power oldest male; oldest female
 females: father, husband, sons
 13-16
 Having sons increased status
 Gov’t
 Ruler like “super-grandfather”
 Mandate of Heaven
 Dynastic Cycle


Shang Dynasty
 2000 BCE cities
 Division betw. Nobles & peasants
 Bronze and silk
 Oracle bones
 Ideas not sounds
 1,000 literate
Chou Dynasty
 Invaded by barbarians
 Country divided

Confucius
 K’ung Fu-tzu
 Social order & good gov’t based on 5
relationships
1. Ruler/subject
2. Father /son
3. Husband/wife
4. Older/younger
5. friend/friend
 Filial Piety
 Minister of Crime
 Crime wiped out
Confucius
Lao Tzu
 Natural order: universal force guides
all things (Tao)
 Taoism
 Legalist
 Efficient & powerful: reward & punish
 Limit ideas & actions

Making the Connection
What is the only
man made object
visible from space?

Ch’in (shih) Dynasty
 Ch’in Shih Huang-ti (246-210 BCE)
(Qin Shi Huang)
 Effective but cruel
 Ending opposition
1. Destroy outside rivals
2. End resistance w/i
 All nobles had to live @ capt.
 Burned books (farming & medicine)
 System of law, $, weights & measures
 Cart axles
Who is
he?
Attila the Hun
Great Wall
 Protection from Huns
 Wheelbarrow
 20 to 25 ft. tall
 1,400 miles long
 Law
Han Dynasty (202 BCE)
 Glory, unity, peace
 Revoked Ch’in law
 no real barbarian threat



Wu-ti
 Five classics
 Analects
 Confucianism=official belief
 Taught FC on university = high gov’t
positions
 Silk Road
Making the Connection
What was the Silk Road and
why was it important?
Moving into AD time

2 great Dynasties of China
1. Sui (589-618 AD)
– Grand canal: Yellow to Yangtze Rr.
2. T’ang
– Lowered taxes, gave land to peasants
– Wu Chao
• Spread Buddhism
Making the Connection
Who was Wu Chao?

Selection of gov’t officials
 Wu-ti: 2 gov’t jobs to scholars that passed an
exam
 700 yr practice
 Theory: anyone could rise to public office
 Reality: system favored wealthy men w/
education
 Success=no taxes or military service
 Would grow fingernails up to 2 in. to show
importance
 Corruption & poetry not helpful in gov’t
 New social class: gentry
Making the Connection
Define gentry

Poetry
 Wealthy & enjoyed city life
 Everyone expected to write
poems
 3 elements
1. Nature 2. single moment 3.
brief

Sung dynasty
 Battle of Talas = 500 yr. of mil. Decay
 Ruled only s. china
 Hang chow: rice,fish, tea, etc.
1. Copper coins w/ sq. holes in center wh/
could be worn on a string around the
neck
2. 1000-1100 Sung gov’t printed1st paper
$ in world
• “Counterfeiters will be beheaded”
3. Silk & porcelain: Asia & Africa

Technology
1. Printing: block press (600) 2,000
copies per day
• Pi Sheng: (1040) moveable type
(Europeans 1450)
2. Magnetic compass: 1st used to see
if homes faces S.
3. Gunpowder: fireworks
Making the Connection
1.
2.
Name the European inventor
credited with the moveable
type printing press.
Why were the Chinese not
credited with the invention?
Who are they
and what do
they have in
common?
Making the Connection
Why is Marco Polo
important?
2. What year did he
return to Venice?
1.

Mongols
 Mongolia: steppe
 Bow: 100 lbs of pressure; 200 yards @
full gallop
 Genghis Khan (1206-1277): Temujin
 Tough life: constant fight for power
 Taller than a cart axle
 Acquired most of Asia:
1. organized 2. shrewd 3. cruel
Kublai Khan: grandson (1260-1294)
 Liked easy life
 Attempted to conquer Japan
 Kamikaze
 Marco Polo: 17 years
Stability over Change
 Ming dynasty: brilliant
 Conquered Mongols
 Valued education
 Encyclopedias
 Manchu
 Ch’ing

