Transcript Quiz

Quiz
1.What were guilds?
2.What was the new European institution?
3.What were living conditions like in
Medieval towns?
4.What became an important business as
traders moved from town to town?
5.Why did towns and cities grow?
England and France Develop
Setting the Stage
• By early 800s, small Anglo-Saxon
kingdoms covered the former
Roman province of Britain.
• Gradually, towns and cities grew
while the feudal system was
breaking up.
• This lead to a more centralized
government and the
development of nations.
• The earliest nations in Europe to
develop a unified government
were England and France.
Early Invaders
Alfred the Great (871-899) unites his
kingdom under one rule, calling it
England, “land of the Angles”, Alfred
unites his kingdom under one rule,
calling it England, “land of the Angles
1016 – Danish King Canute united
Anglo-Saxons and Vikings into one
people
In 1042, King Edward, descendent of
Alfred, took the throne.
Statue of Alfred the Great in Britain
Norman Conquest
In 1043, King Edward died, which
left a dispute over the throne.
William, Duke of Normandy and
cousin of King Edward, who
becomes “William the
Conqueror”, invaded England with
a Norman army and claimed
English crown.
Harold Godwinson, brother-in-law
of Edward, was an Anglo-Saxon
who also claimed the English
throne.
Battle of Hastings
Harold and William fought in the
Battle of Hastings in 1066. Harold
was killed by an arrow to his eye.
William declared all of England his
personal property. He then kept
1/5th of England for himself and
gave the rest to 200 Lords.
By doing this, William unified
control of the land and started the
beginning of centralized
government in England.
England's Evolving Government
•
English kings wanted two goals
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to hold and add to their French
lands.
to strengthen their own power
over nobles and the Church
Henry II added land to
Normandy and France by
marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine
This brought Henry a large
amount of land in France and
made him a vassal to the
French King
Juries and Common Law
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Henry ruled England and
strengthened royal courts by
introducing the use of juries - A
group of 12 common neighbors of
the accused.
Over the centuries, the rulings of
England's royal judges formed a
body of law known as common
law
The principles of common law is
the basis for law in the United
States
The Magna Carta
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John became king after
both his father Henry II and
his brother Richard the
Lionhearted died.
He failed as a military
leader, and lost Normandy
and all his lands in France
On June 15, 1215, the
nobles forced King John to
sign the most celebrated
document in English
History.
The Magna Carta
The Magna Carta (Great
Charter) guaranteed
basic, political rights.
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
No taxation without
representation
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Jury trial

Protection of the law
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This important because we
are seeing the king’s power
becoming limited.
The Model Parliament
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The next English king, Edward
I, raised taxes for war so he
called on 2 burgesses and 2
knights from each burough
and county to approve
This was the first Parliament,
or legislative group
Knights and burgesses formed
House of Commons
Nobles and bishops formed
House of Lords
This provides a check on royal
Capetian Dynasty Rules France
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After the breakup of
Charlemagne's empire, French
counts and dukes ruled their
lands independently under the
feudal system
By the year 1000, France was
divided into 30 feudal
territories
After the last Carolingian ruler
died, Hugh Capet, an
undistinguished duke, took his
power
France Becomes a Separate Kingdom
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The Capet family only ruled a small territory but at its
heart stood Paris.
The Capetian Dynasty of French kings ruled France
from 987-1328.
They eventually extended their power to unite all of
France.
Phillip II Expands His Power
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One of most powerful
Capetian kings.
Became king at 15
Had little success against
Henry II or Richard the
Lionhearted, but beat
King John.
Philip II's Heirs
Hugh Capet increases the territory of France
Philip II (1180-1223) established bailiffs to preside over
courts and collect taxes
Louis IX (1226-1270) creates a French appeals court
Philip IV (1285-1314) adds Third Estate to the EstatesGeneral
Estates-General
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Philip IV invited all to
participate in a meeting
known as the Estates-General
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Helped increase royal power
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Did not limit the King's power
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In England and France these
events were important steps
towards increased central
government power and
democratic rule