Transcript Ch. 14.3 England and France Develop

The Formation of Western Europe
800-1500
Size of the forces involved; the number of casualties
(dead and wounded)
The major “players” involved, whether they be powerful
countries or people
The context/circumstances surrounding the battle. Why
was the battle being fought? Where there
extenuating circumstances like geography, weather,
etc. that influenced the outcome?
The outcome, for example: did the battle win the war or
turn the tide of the war; had one side been losing
up until that battle?
Long-term effects, for example, did the winner go on to
win the war and change the course of history?
NAME OF BATTLE: Example: the Allied invasion of Normandy,
France. June 6, 1944
CHARACTERISTICS THAT MADE IT IMPORTANT:
•Largest amphibious landing ever. 1 million men
• Fortress Europe was being invaded. The success at Normandy
hastened the end of WWII
• Had to be done in absolute secrecy to ensure its success
• Weather played a factor. Germans didn’t think Allies would invade
in bad weather; they did!
•The heroics of the men at Omaha Beach have become part
American culture (Saving Private Ryan; Band of Brothers, The
Longest Day, etc.)
 How did democratic traditions begin to evolve as the
kingdoms of England and France began to develop?
 What steps were necessary to centralize governments
in France and England?
 What was the significance of the Battle of Hastings?
 What is the significance of the Magna Carta?
 Many invaders landed from  1016 – Danish King Canute
different regions landed in
Britain
 The Angles
 The Saxons
 Created Anglo-Saxon
culture
 The Vikings
 Alfred the Great (871-899)
unites his kingdom under
one rule, calling it England,
“land of the Angles”
united Anglo-Saxons and
Vikings into one people
 1042 – King Edward the
Confessor took the throne
 Died in 1066 without an
heir
 The resulting power
vacuum leads to war!
 Invader = William the
Conqueror
 Duke of Normandy
(northern France)
 Cousin of King Edward
 William invaded England
with a Norman army and
claimed English crown
 Rival = Harold Godwinson
 Brother-in-law of Edward
 Fought against William in the
Battle of Hastings
 Normans were victorious





 Anglo-Saxon who claimed
the throne

after Harold takes an arrow in
the eye
William claimed all England
his person property.
Kept 1/5 for himself
Gave lands to 200 Norman
lords
Unified control of the land
Laid foundation for
centralized government
Brought feudalism to England
 Anglo-Saxons hated their
Norman conquerors
 The Norman lords
wielded much power and
heavily taxed the Saxons
 The story of Robin Hood
tells of his exploits in
stealing from the rich
(Normans) and giving to
the poor (Saxons)
 Hold onto and add to their
French lands
 Strengthen their power
over nobles and the Church
 English king Henry II
acquired a French territory,
Aquitaine in his marriage to
Eleanor of Aquitaine
 Added to lands in
Normandy
 Served as a vassal to the
French King
 Henry II strengthened the
royal courts by:
 Sending royal judges to every
part of England at least
one/year
 Collected taxes
 Settled lawsuits
 Punished crimes
 Introduced use of a jury
 Made up of loyal people
 Answered judge’s questions about
the case
 Only allowed in king’s courts
 Common law: a unified
body of law created by
case by case rulings of
England’s royal judges
 The basis for law in U.S.
 ORDER OF MONARCHS: Henry II > Richard
the Lionhearted > John Softsword
 Lost Normandy, lands in northern France
 Alienated the Church
 Threatened rights to self-govern
 Raised taxes to all-time high
 Nobles revolted and forced John to agree to
the Magna Carta (Great Charter) in 1215
 Guaranteed basic political rights
 No taxation without representation
 Right to a jury trial
 Right to protection under the law
 Basic legal rights in U.K. and U.S. today!
 John Softsword > Edward I
 1295 – Edward needed to
 In Parliament – the two
groups formed an
assembly of their own:
raise taxes so he called on 2
burgesses (citizens of
 House of Commons
wealth and property, but
(knights and burgesses)
not necessarily a noble)
 House of Lords
from every borough and 2
(nobles and bishops)
knights from every county
 Weakened power of
 In November, knights,
lords
burgesses, bishops, lords
met together in London as  Provided a check on
a parliament (a legislative
royal power, just like the
group)
Magna Carta
 A model for later kings
England’s Parliament Building today
 Capet family only controlled a
 Most powerful Capetian
small area of France, but it
was Philip II (1180-1223)
included Paris
 His goal: weaken the power
 Despite being weak rulers,
of English kings in France
Capets managed to expand their  Seized Normandy from King
power outward from Paris
John in 1204, tripled the
lands under his control
 Established a strong central
government
 Established officials called
bailiffs who presided over
the king’s courts and
collected the king’s taxes
 Louis IX – 1226-1270
 Created a French appeals court (could overturn the decisions of
local courts)
 Strengthened the monarchy
 Weakened feudal ties
 Philip IV – 1285-1314
 Fought w/ the pope about priests paying taxes to the king
 Called a meeting to win support against the pope and invited
commoners
 Philip IV invited all to
participate in a meeting
known as the EstatesGeneral
 Helped to increase royal
power against the nobility
 Did not limit the king’s power
 In England and France these
events were important steps
towards increased central
government power and
democratic rule
 How did democratic traditions begin to evolve as the
kingdoms of England and France began to develop?
 What steps were necessary to centralize governments
in France and England?
 What is the significance of the Magna Carta?