Transcript Unit 3: Utah in the 1st Half of the 20th Century: 1900-1945

Utah in the 1st Half of the
20th Century: 1900-1945
World War II &
Nuclear Testing
“Utah Man”
Readings
 What was the “Utah Man”?
 How did this individual Utahan impact




World War II?
Colonel Walter T. Stewart- Air
Force pilot from Benjamin Utah
1943
Part of mission to take out Nazi
oil refineries in Romania(supplied 1/3rd of all Nazi oil)
Stewart's plane, named "Utah
Man," came back with 365 holes
in it.
Utah in the 1st Half of the
20th Century: 1900-1945
World War II &
Nuclear Testing
World War II Basics 101
 What years was it? From 1939 to 1945 America involved as
of 1941
World War II Basics 101
Sophie Scholl
World War II
Basics 101
Nazi Youth Movement
Who made a difference?
 Positive
 Negative
World War II Basics 101
Blitzkrieg
Who made a difference?
 Positive
 Negative
Utah in the 1st Half of the
20th Century: 1900-1945
World War II &
Nuclear Testing
World War II Basics 101
Charles
De Gaulle
Resistance Movements & American
Resistance before entering the war
Utahans housed British
evacuees
Who made a difference?
 Positive
 Negative
World War II Basics 101
Who made a difference?
 Positive
 Negative
Utah in the 1st Half of the
20th Century: 1900-1945
World War II &
Nuclear Testing
U.S Enters WWII
 Read pages 237-246 in the Utah History textbook (including
the textboxes and side margins) when finished answer the
following questions in your handout:
 1. What countries were the major Axis Powers? What
countries were the Allied Powers?
 2. What happened at Pearl Harbor?
 3. List three reasons why Utah was in such a good position to
help the war effort?
 4. Explain how rationing worked?
 5. What kinds of items were in short supply during the war?
 6. List some ways in which women helped the war effort?
Pop Quiz!
 Get out a blank sheet of paper
 Name, date, period
 Number 1-5
 TRUE OR FALSE
1. Germany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers.
2. During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in
the armed forces around the world.
3. World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September
1939.
4. “The Utah Man” was a heroic pilot who died in World War II.
5. Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies &
planting victory gardens.
Answers
 Switch paper with neighbor
 Get out red pen
 Answers:
1. Germany, Great Britain, & China made up the Axis powers.
 FALSE: Germany, Italy, & Japan made up the Axis powers
2.
During World War II, 1000s of Utahns left their homes & fought in the
armed forces around the world.
 TRUE (Letter A of ABC’s)
3.
World War II started with Germany invaded Poland in September 1939.
 TRUE (Pearl Harbor did NOT start the war)
4.
“The Utah Man” was a heroic pilot who died in World War II.
 FALSE: “The Utah Man” was a plane flown by Colonel Walter Stewart that helped take out
Nazi oil refineries during World War II.
5.
Utahns helped the war effort by sacrificing food & supplies & planting
victory gardens.
 TRUE (Letter D of ABC’s)
 Put total correct our of 5 & pass up.
World War II Basics 101
 What years was it? From 1939 to 1945
 What countries were the Axis powers? Germany, Italy, &
Japan
 What countries were the Allied powers? Great Britain,
United States, China & Soviet Union (USSR)
 How did the war start? Germany’s invasion of Poland in 1939
 How did the United States get involved in World War II?
Attack of Pearl Harbor December 1941
World War II Basics 101
Major Warship
types
Western Med
FRENCH NAVY
Mediterranean
ITALIAN NAVY
Eastern Med
ROYAL NAVY
Eastern Med
FRENCH NAVY
Mediterranean
ALLIED TOTAL
Battleships
4
6
4
1
9
Carriers
-
-
1
-
1
Cruisers
10
21
9
4
23
Destroyers
37
52
25
3
65
Submarines
36
106
10
-
46
TOTALS
87
185
49
8
144
World War II Basics 101
French Empire circa 1900
African Nazi Resistance
 Resistance movements
occurred in Nazi occupied
Africa by a variety of means,
ranging from non-cooperation,
disinformation and propaganda
to hiding crashed pilots and
even to outright warfare and
the recapturing of towns.
Resistance movements are
sometimes also referred to as
"the underground“. In Africa
much of the resistance was
connected to anti-colonialism.
World War II Basics 101
World War II Basics 101
Germany
Soviet Union
est. 850,000 killed,
missing or wounded
including 107,000
captured (only 6000
survived the
captivity and
returned home to
1955)
900 aircraft
(including 274
transports and 165
bombers used as
transports)
1,500 tanks
6,000 artillery
pieces
Approx.
1,150,000 killed,
missing or
wounded
including 478,741
killed and missing
650,878 wounded
and sick
40,000 civilians
dead
4,341 tanks
15,728 artillery
pieces
2,769 combat
aircraft
World War II Basics 101
Why was this battle so important?
The failure of the German Army was nothing
short of a disaster. A complete army group
was lost at Stalingrad and 91,000 Germans
were taken prisoner. With such a massive
loss of manpower and equipment, the
Germans simply did not have enough
manpower to cope with the Russian advance
to Germany when it came.
Despite resistance in parts – such as a Kursk
– they were in retreat on the Eastern Front
from February 1943 on. In his fury, Hitler
ordered a day’s national mourning in
Germany, not for the men lost at the battle,
but for the shame von Paulus had brought on
the Wehrmacht and Germany. Paulus was
also stripped of his rank to emphasise
Hitler’s anger with him. Hitler commented:
“The God of War has gone over to the other
side”
Who made a difference?
 Positive
 Negative
Utah in the 1st Half of the
20th Century: 1900-1945
World War II &
Nuclear Testing
World War II Basics 101
World War II Basics 101
World War II Basics 101
Utah Man
World War II Basics 101
Utah’s Candy Bomber
World War II Basics 101
Fire bombing of Japan 1945
Consideration for Land Invasion of
Japan JCS estimates:
less than 50 days:
400-500 dead.
90 days1,200,000 casualties,
Assumed wide spread Civilian
Response: 5-10 million Japanese
fatalities.
90,000–166,000 killed in Hiroshima[
60,000–80,000 killed in Nagasaki
Total: 150,000–246,000+ killed
V-J Day (Victory in Japan)
At home in Utah
Who made a difference?
 Positive
 Negative
Utah During World War II
 Do you know your ABC’s?
 Armed Forces- 1000s of Utahans left their homes & fought
in armed forces around the world
 Boot Camps & Bases- Utah was an ideal place for military
training
 Courageous Women in the Workforce- “Rosie the Riveters”
helped war production
 Daily Rationing & Gardening- Utahans sacrificed food &
supplies & planted victory gardens to help support the war
Readings
Holocaust
 Definition: Systematic, intentional
persecution & genocide of approximately
6 million European Jews by the Nazi
regime & its collaborators during World
War II.
 Why did this happen?
 Hitler & Nazis blamed Jews for
Germany loosing in World War I
 They believed that Jews were “less
human” than others
 Told others that Jews were a racial
threat
 Why does it matter?
 Loss of millions of people
 Learn the dangers of hatred, prejudice,
ideas of superiority
 Amazing examples of kindness &
sacrifice
 Some Holocaust survivors in Utah
today
Navajo Code Talkers
 Who: 400-500 Native Americans who
served in the United States Marine
Corps
 What: transmitted secret
communications on the battlefields of
WWII
 Importance: code never broken
 Navajo Code Talker from Utah- Samuel
Holiday
Break the Code
To develop their Type One Code, the
original 29 Navajo Code Talkers first
came up with a Navajo word for each
letter of the English alphabet. Since they
had to memorize all the words, they used
things that were familiar to them, such as
kinds of animals.
“So we start talking about different things,
animals, sea creatures, birds, eagles, hawks, and
all those domestic animals.Why don’t we use
those names of different animals—from A to Z.
So A, we took a red ant that we live with all
the time. B we took a bear,Yogi the Bear, C a
Cat, D a Dog, E an Elk, F, Fox, G, a goat and so
on down the line.—“
Chester Nez, Navajo Code Talker,
National Museum of the American Indian
interview, 2004
Here are some of the words they use:
Letter
Navajo Word
English Word
C
MOASHI
Cat
D
LHA_CHA-EH
Dog
E
DZEH
Elk
I
TKIN
Ice
O
NE-AHS-JAH
Owl
R
GAH
Rabbit
V
A-KEH-DI-GLINI
Victor
See if you can translate the
following coded message:
MOASI NE-AHS-JAH LHACHA-EH DZEH GAH
DZEH MOASI DZEH
TKIN A-KEH-DI-GLINI
DZEH LHA-CHA-EH
D-Day
 What: Massive invasion of Allied




powers on beaches of Northern
France (Normandy) to liberate
mainland Europe from Nazi control
When: June 6th 1944
Who: 156,000 American, British, &
Canadian forces
Importance: one of the largest
amphibious military assaults in history
Code name for one of the five landing
sites: Utah Beach
V-E Day & V-J Day
 V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day
 May 8th 1945
 End of War in Europe
 Utahns & all Americans celebrate,
many come home!
 V-J Day: Victory in Japan Day
 August 15th 1945
 After dropping of 2 atomic bombs on
Japan
 End of War in Pacific
 THE WAR IS OFFICIALLY OVER!
Internment Camps
 Relocation and internment by the
United States government in 1942 of
about 110,000 Japanese Americans &
Japanese who lived along the Pacific
coast.
 Of those who were interned, 62%
were American citizens.
 Topaz Relocation Center in Utah, one
of 10 locations in U.S.
 Impact on Utah: Many men & women
worked at Topaz. Thousands of people
relocated there for the war.
WWII deaths (check out the key)
World War II Links
 http://www.history.com/topics/d-day/interactives/inside-
wwii-interactive
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/
 http://amhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.ht
ml (click on World War II)
 http://www.earthstation1.com/wwii.html
Nuclear Testing
 Experiments to discover the
strength, & explosive capability
of various nuclear weapons
 At the Nevada Test Sitebetween 1951 & 1992 there
were a total of 928 nuclear
tests. 828 of these were
underground.
 During the 1950s, the
mushroom clouds from these
tests could be seen for almost
100 miles in either direction.
Nuclear Testing Video
 How would you feel if you knew these tests were going on
100-200 miles away from you?
 What would be your reaction?
 What would you be afraid of?
Nuclear Testing’s Effect on
Utah
 On May 19, 1953, the United States government detonated the 32-
kiloton atomic bomb (nicknamed “Harry”) at the Nevada Test Site. The
bomb later gained the name “Dirty Harry” because of the huge amount
of off-site fallout generated by the bomb. Winds carried fallout 135 miles
to St. George, where residents reported, “an oddly metallic sort of
taste in the air.” St. George received the most of the fallout of
above-ground nuclear testing.
 Increases in cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma, thyroid cancer, breast
cancer, melanoma, bone cancer, & brain tumors, were reported from the
mid-1950s through 1980 in Utah.
 A 1979 study reported in the New England Journal of Medicine
concluded that: “A significant excess of leukemia deaths
occurred in children up to 14 years of age living in Utah
between 1959 and 1967. This excess was concentrated in the
group of children born between 1951 and 1958, and was
most pronounced in those residing in counties receiving high
fallout.” p12
Downwinders
 Downwinders: individuals and communities
who are exposed to radioactive contamination
or nuclear fallout from atmospheric or
underground nuclear weapons testing, and
nuclear accidents.
 Or in other words: People who live(d) “Down
Wind” from nuclear testing sites & have
suffered health consequences from the
radiation
 Infertility, blood disorders, genetic effects,
birth defects, cancer, cataracts
 By January 2006, over 10,500 claims had been
approved, and around 3,000 denied, for a
total amount of over $525 million in
compensation dispensed to “downwinders”
Journal Write
 Pretend a member of your family was affected by the nuclear
testing in Nevada and has many unexplainable health
problems. Many call your family member a, “downwinder.”
Write a letter to the United States government and express
your concern and alarm about nuclear testing and what you
think they should do to fix the problem and help your family.
(4 sentences at least)