Transcript September 25 AP Biology - John D. O`Bryant School of Math & Science

AP Biology
John D. O’Bryant School of
Mathematics and Science
September 25, 2012
AP Biology
Agenda
 Do Now (Quiz)
 Little Mito (discussion)
 Cells and Organelles



AP Biology
Lecture/Discussion
Video clip: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Membrane
Video clip: Organelles in the Cytoplasm
Do Now (Quiz)
 1. Which of the following types of molecules are
the major structural components of the cell
membrane?

A) phospholipids and cellulose
B) nucleic acids and proteins
C) phospholipids and proteins
D) proteins and cellulose
E) glycoproteins and cholesterol
AP Biology
Do Now (Quiz)
 2. Which of the following relationships between
cell structures and their respective functions is
correct?

A) cell wall: support, protection
B) mitochondria: chief sites of cellular respiration
C) chromosomes: cytoskeleton of the nucleus
D) ribosomes: secretion
E) lysosomes: formation of ATP
AP Biology
Do Now (Quiz)
 3. Plasmodesmata in plant cells are most similar in
function to which of the following structures in animal
cells?


A) peroxisomes
B) desmosomes
C) gap junctions
D) extracellular matrix
E) tight junctions
AP Biology
Do Now (Quiz)
 4. Large numbers of ribosomes are present in
cells that specialize in producing which of the
following molecules?

A) lipids
B) starches
C) proteins
D) steroids
E) glucose
AP Biology
Do Now (Quiz)
 5. Under which of the following conditions would
you expect to find a cell with a predominance of
free ribosomes?

A) a cell that is secreting proteins
B) a cell that is producing cytoplasmic enzymes
C) a cell that is constructing its cell wall or
extracellular matrix
D) a cell that is digesting food particles
E) a cell that is enlarging its vacuole
AP Biology
Do Now (Quiz)
 6. Which of the following produces and modifies
polysaccharides that will be secreted by the cell?

A) lysosome
B) vacuole
C) mitochondrion
D) Golgi apparatus
E) peroxisome
AP Biology
Cells & Cell Organelles
Doing Life’s Work
AP Biology
2009-
Endoplasmic Reticulum
 Function

works on proteins
 helps complete the
proteins after ribosome
builds them

makes membranes
 Structure

rough ER
 ribosomes attached
 works on proteins

smooth ER
 makes membranes
AP Biology
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
ribosomes
builds proteins
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
AP Biology signals
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ER
works on proteins
makes membranes
Golgi Apparatus
 Function

finishes, sorts, labels & ships proteins
 like UPS headquarters
 shipping & receiving department

ships proteins in vesicles
 “UPS trucks”
 Structure

AP Biology
vesicles
carrying proteins
membrane sacs
transport vesicles
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
ribosomes
builds proteins
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
AP Biology
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
endoplasmic
reticulum
nucleus
protein
on its way!
DNA
RNA
vesicle
TO:
TO:
TO:
vesicle
ribosomes
TO:
finished
protein
protein
Golgi
apparatus
Making Proteins
AP Biology
Cell membrane
phosphate
“head”
 Function
separates cell from outside
 controls what enters or leaves cell

 O2, CO2, food, H2O, nutrients, waste

recognizes signals from other cells
 allows communication between cells
 Structure

double layer of fat
 phospholipid bilayer

receptor molecules
 proteins that
AP Biology receive
signals
lipid “tail”
cytoplasm
jelly-like material holding
organelles in place
vacuole & vesicles
transport inside cells
storage
lysosome
food digestion
garbage disposal &
recycling
nucleus
protects DNA
controls cell
centrioles
cell division
ribosomes
builds proteins
mitochondria
make ATP energy
from sugar + O2
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
AP Biology
ER
helps finish proteins
makes membranes
Golgi apparatus
finishes, packages
& ships proteins
nucleus
control cell
protects DNA
nucleolus
make ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
processes proteins
makes membranes
ribosomes
make proteins
cytoplasm
jelly-like material
around organelles
central vacuole
storage: food,
water or waste
Golgi apparatus
finish & ship
proteins
cell wall
support
mitochondria
make ATP in
cellular respiration
cell membrane
cell boundary
controls movement
of materials in & out
recognizes
signals
AP Biology
chloroplast
make ATP & sugars in
photosynthesis
lysosome
digestion & clean up
3. Cells need to make more cells!
 Making more cells

to replace, repair & grow,
the cell must…
 copy their DNA
 make extra organelles
 divide the new DNA & new
organelles between 2 new
“daughter” cells

organelles that do this
work…
 nucleus
 centrioles
AP Biology
Centrioles
 Function

help coordinate cell division
 only in animal cells
 Structure

AP Biology
one pair in each cell
Cell Summary
 Cells have 3 main jobs

make energy
 need food + O2
 cellular respiration & photosynthesis
 need to remove wastes

make proteins
Our organelles
do all those
jobs!
 need instructions from DNA
 need to chain together amino acids & “finish”
& “ship” the protein

make more cells
 need to copy DNA & divide it up to daughter cells
AP Biology
That’s my
cellular story…
Any Questions?
AP Biology
2009-2010