Transcript Approaches to Psychology ppt

NEUROBIOLOGICAL
 Biological processes influence behaviors
 Genetic factors influence behaviors
 Brain chemistry, nervous system, and hormones
 Localization of Function – Phineas Gage
EVOLUTIONARY
 Natural selection of traits promoted the survival of
genes
 How has anger facilitated the survival of our ancestors’
genes?
PSYCHOANALTIC
 Psychodynamic
 Unconscious motives influence behavior
 Sexual
 Aggressive
 Past experiences/Childhood influence behavior
 Sigmund Freud – Defense Mechanisms
 Carl Jung – Collective Unconscious
Carl Jung
BEHAVIORAL
 Personal experiences and reinforcement guide
development
 Environmental influences
 Observational learning
 Punishments & Rewards
 Stimulus & Response
 Ivan Pavlov
 John B. Watson
 B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Little Albert
Watson and Little Albert
Brave New World
COGNITIVE
 Perceptions & Thoughts influence behavior
 Mental Images
 Information Processing
 Thinking & Language
 Memory Functioning
 Stroop Test
Messing with your mind since 1935
Red
Orange
Blue
Purple
Red
Orange
Blue
Purple
Orange
Blue
Green
Purple
Orange
Green
Green
Purple
Orange
Green
Purple
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Red
Blue
Blue
Yellow
Red
Blue
Yellow
Red
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Orange
Green
Yellow
Red
Orange
Blue
Purple
Red
Orange
Blue
Purple
Orange
Blue
Green
Purple
Orange
Green
Green
Purple
Orange
Green
Purple
Orange
Blue
Yellow
Red
Blue
Blue
Yellow
Red
Blue
Yellow
Red
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Orange
Yellow
Green
Yellow
Orange
Green
Yellow
Questions?
 Do we read words faster than we name colors?
 Do you think children who haven’t learned to read yet
would have an easier time with this test? What about
older people? What about ESL or non-native English
speakers?
Conclusions?
 Reading is automatic… a skill we learn and becomes
more and more ingrained in us as we get older.
 Color naming is a control process, something we must
use directed attention to accomplish.
 Other conclusions?
HUMANISTIC
 People are born good with the potential for excellence
 People make free & conscious choices based on their
experiences
 Carl Rogers – Self v. Ideal Self
 Abraham Maslow – Hierarchy of Needs (theory of
motivation) = SELF-ACTUALIZATION
 Victor Frankl
SOCIOCULTURAL
 Ethnicity, Gender, Culture, Socioeconomic status
create individual differences
 Behavior influenced by rules and expectations of
societal groups
Cultural practice example:
Sleeping arrangements
 Infants sleeping arrangements during the
child’s first two years
 Culture (n.): A system of shared beliefs,
values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts,
conscious and unconscious, transmitted
across generations through learning.
JE: Perspectives in Psychology
 Out of the 6 major perspectives of psychology, which
one or combination do you personally support?
 Justify your response with specific examples of
behavior and explanations as to why you do NOT
support other approaches.