Transcript A Tour of the Cell

A Tour of the Cell
Plant Cell
Cells
• Eukaryotic cells,
including plant and
animal cells, contain a
nucleus and
organelles
• Plant cells contain a
cell wall, chloroplasts
and other organelles
• Animal cells contain
mitochondria and
other organelles
• Prokaryotic cells do
not include a nucleus
or specialized
organelles, include
bacteria
• See Figs 7.7 and 7.8
The Nucleus
• Found only in eukaryotic cells
• Pores in the nuclear envelope allow for
exchange of materials between nucleus and
cytoplasm
• Contains genetic material, DNA
• Contains a nucleolus, site where parts of
ribosomes are produced
• See Fig. 7.9
Nucleus
Ribosomes
• Free ribosomes (ribosomes in cytoplasm)
• Bound ribosomes (ribosomes attached to
endoplasmic reticulum)
• Both carry out protein synthesis
• See Fig. 7.10
Endomembrane System
• Many membranes are interrelated directly
through physical continuity or indirectly
through transport vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes attached),
synthesizes steroids, metabolizes
carbohydrates, stores calcium, and
detoxifies liver cells
• Rough E.R. (has ribosomes), manufactures
proteins for secretion
• Fig 7.11
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Apparatus
• Finish, sort, and “ship” many products of
the cell
• Synthesize macromolecules
• Store and export products of E.R.
• Fig 7.12
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
• Digestive compartments
• Recycle monomers from cell
macromolecules
• Digest substances ingested by
phagocytosis
• Fig 7.14
Vacuoles
•
•
•
•
Storage compartments
Animal cells have food vacuoles
Plant cells have contractile vacuoles
Function to provide waste disposal, cell
elongation, and protection
• Fig 7.15
Peroxisomes
• Consume oxygen in various metabolic
functions
• Produce hydrogen peroxide as a waste
product and then converts it to water
• Fig 7.17
Mitochondria
• Sites of cell respiration in eukaryotic cells
• Uses energy to restock cellular supply of
ATP
• Fig 7.18
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
• Contain chlorophyll and other pigments
which function in photosynthesis
• Found only in plant cells
Fig.7.19
Cytoskeleton
• Provides structural support
• Cilia and flagella aid in mobility
• Intermediate filaments support cell shape
and fix certain organelles in place
• Table 7.2
Extracellular Matrix
• Found in animal cells
• Function in support, adhesion, movement,
and development
• Consists of protein fibers and a
proteoglycan complex attached to the cell
membrane
• Fig. 7.30
Websites
Test Yourself On Identifying the Parts of Cells
Go to
http://www.discoverbiology.com/cells/welcome.htm
Click on “Self Test” On the left side of the screen.
Try the “Drag and Drop” tests 6.2a, 6.2b & 6.2c
Go to
http://www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/articles/99articles/Hoppert.html
Read the article and look at the illustrations.
More Websites
http://www.cellsalive.com