Transcript Food Security - cloudfront.net

Review of Concepts in
Food Security
Learning outcomes
 Define Food Security
 3 components of malnutrition
 5 trends impacting food security
 Components of the Global Food System
Food Security
 The idea that all people at all times have access
(including physical, social and economic) to
sufficient, safe and nutritious food necessary to lead
active and healthy lives (FAO 2009).
 The absence of food security-food insecurity
 Sub Saharan Africa region with greatest threat
Malnutrition
 1) Energy deficiencies (chronic hunger)
 2) Nutrient deficiencies—deficiencies of key
vitamins
 3) Excessive net energy intake (resulting from
energy rich, nutrient poor foods combined with
reduced physical activities)
Global Food System
 Globalization: involves
interconnections between
diverse parts of the world
 A complex network of
relations that includes the
production, harvest,
processing, transport, and
consumption of food.
Barbudan clearing his field in December 2013. Photo by Amy
Potter
Five Trends
Impacting Modern Food Security
Population Growth
 Increasing population in the last 100 years
 1.7 billion in 1900 to just over 7 billion in 2015
 Most of the population growth occurring in less
developed regions
 Urban growth
 World agriculture and food production will likely
be able to produce sufficient food to meet
population growth.
Changing diets/food
consumption
 Changes in global patterns of wealth and prosperity
 China, India, Brazil
 In the 1990s, less than half of all meat was eaten in
developing countries
 In 2006 it was 60 percent
 Prices of meat and poultry are increasing
 Average diet in developed countries including meat
and dairy requires 4000 square meters per person
land.
Global food price crisis 2008
 Price per ton for wheat
doubled between May and
September 2007 from $200
to $400
 Causes
 Global population growth
 Rising oil prices
 Increased costs of
fertilizers and pesticides
Winter wheat in southeast, Kansas 2016. Photo by Amy Potter
New technologies for
agriculture and food production
 Increasing sophistication in
crop breeding methods
 Improvements in irrigation
 Replacing animal and
human power with
machinery
Corn field outside Garden City, Kansas in October
2009. Photo by Amy Potter
Climate change
 Climate change will place significant new stresses
on the environment
 Extending growing seasons, reducing others
 Rising temperatures
 Increased droughts, floods, heat waves, hurricanes
Solutions
 Uncouple the global food network
 Address food insecurity at a range of scales
 Better educate people regarding their food choices
 Ecological and climate footprint—cost of your food
 How much land does it take to support your family?
Slide Source
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Slide 3 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Slide 4 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Slide 5 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Photo by Amy Potter
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Slide 7 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Slide 8 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Photo by Amy Potter
Slide 9 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Photo by Amy Potter
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Slide 10 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Slide 11 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.
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Slide 12 Bryan L. McDonald. 2010. Food Security. Cambridge: Polity.