Transcript Folie 1 - Austrian Institute of Economic Research

5.2 Low-energy strategies for the
European Union
Katharina Koch
Manuela Steiner
Barbara Unterrainer
1
Present energy situation and structure
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Energy Consumption
Figure 1: EU-27 final energy consumption of 2007, Breakdown by
sector
Source: European Union (2009): Enery, transport and environment indicators, S. 41.
•2007 the total final energy consists of the EU-27 amounts to 1158
Mtoe, this is an increase of 5 % compared to 1997
Energy Industry
Figure 2: Power station generation, by type 2007
Source: European Union (2009): Enery, transport and environment indicators, S. 53.
•In the year 2007 the total electricity generation within the EU 27 accounts for
3337 Twh, compared to the year 1997 this is an increase of 18 %
• The greatest share of the EU-27 total RES Electricity generates Germany with
34 % , followed by Spain with 15 %
• France and Spain generated 62 % of the EU-27 total nuclear electricity
Energy efficiency
•
Thermal efficiency 2007
•
Combined heat and power generation 2007
– EU-27 power plants thermal efficiency was 47 %
– Lithuania: highest thermal efficiency; 87,5 %
– Malta: lowest thermal efficiency; 29,8 %
– EU-27 gross electricity generated by CHP plants
accounted to 10,9 %
– Large differences between the member states
– Denmark: highest share with 42,8 %
– Cyprus: lowest share with 0,3 %
Source: European Union (2009): Enery, transport and environment indicators, S.
54-57.
EU’s objectives on climate change and
renewable energy for 2020
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20-20-20 Target
– 20% reduction of greenhouse gases by 2020
compared to 1990 levels and an objective for a 30%
reduction by 2020 subject to the conclusion of a
comprehensive international climate change
agreement.
– Reducing energy consumption by 20% through
increased energy efficiency.
– A mandatory EU target of 20% renewable energy by
2020 including a 10% biofuels target.
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EU-Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) 2013
•
•
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EU wide ETS Cap
–
–
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Non ETS-sectors reduction of 14% compared to 2005
ETS-Sectors reduction of 21% compared to 2005
Major Change: EU-wide cap instead of national caps
Allocation
–
Auctioning
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•
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Power sector 100% auctioning.
„Normal sectors“ free allocation 80% 2013 and 30% 2020.
„Exposed sectors“ with potential carbon leakage up to 100% free
allocation.
Exclusion of small installations
–
If emits less than 25 000 t of CO2e per year
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Energy efficiency & renewable energy
actions
•
Sustainable Energy Europe Campaign
– contributes achieving the EU’s energy policy targets
within the fields of renewable energy sources, energy
efficiency, clean transport and alternative fuels.
– A major tool to promote the EU’s sustainable energy
policy.
– Stimulate the necessary trends towards an increase
in private investment in sustainable energy
technologies.
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Energy efficiency & renewable energy
actions
•
Convenant of Mayors
–
A commitment by signatory towns and cities to go beyond the
objectives of EU energy policy in terms of reduction in CO2
emissions.
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Own unique Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP).
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Since 2008 more than 500 cities have joined the Convenant.
Action Plans will be continually monitored by the European
Commission.
80 million citizens across Europe are now part of the initiative.
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Future Strategies
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Energy self sufficiency
•
Zero-energy houses
– Standard in the way of building all over europe
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Decentralization of the energy supply
– Every region in Europe has to generate the amount of
energy that is needs by itself – depending on its own
resources and advantages of the region (photovoltaic
and solar panels, wind mills, hydro-power,
geothermics etc)
Mobility
•
Minimize future transport needs and car
dependency
– Improve public transport system in cities
– More cycle ways
– Increase car-pooling
– Eg the city of Malmö in Sweden
•
Fully electric vehicles
– All vehicles (private, public transport etc) should be based
on this „new“ technology
Mobility
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Transport of goods
– To minimize transport needs of goods it is necessary
to grow and produce goods locally
– Pneumatic tube
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Post sytem that delivers
goods to consumers
per tube
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This system could
also be used for waste
Video
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This video is about the isle Samso in Denmark
which is CO2 neutral because it generates all the
energy needed by itself. ENJOY! 
•
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FmJxUsXWaj
o&feature=related